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Country · 359 BCE – today

France

333 events

France, officially the French Republic, is a country primarily located in Western Europe. Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean. Metropolitan France shares borders with Belgium and Luxembourg to the north; Germany to the northeast; Switzerland to the east; Italy and Monaco to the southeast; Andorra and Spain to the south; and a maritime border with the United Kingdom to the northwest.

Text from the Wikipedia article France, CC BY-SA 4.0

Built from Wikidata: an event or person is listed when Wikidata links them to this page, as shown next to each one. Many aren’t recorded there, so this list is incomplete.

Showing 2,743 years

Earlier states here

Kingdom of France538 CE – 1791

Key people

Showing the 48 best-known of 200 people.

Everything that happened

Showing the 200 best-known of 333 events.

  1. 218 BCEBattle of the Rhône CrossingRhôneThe Battle of the Rhône Crossing was a battle during the Second Punic War in September of 218 BC. Hannibal marched on the Italian Alps, and an army of Gallic Volcae attacked the Carthaginian army on the east bank of the Rhône. The Roman army camped near Massalia. The Volcae tried to prevent the Carthaginians from crossing the Alps and invading Italy.Source: Wikidata (country)
  2. 218 BCEHannibal's crossing of the AlpsAlpsHannibal's crossing of the Alps in 218 BC was one of the major events of the Second Punic War and one of the most celebrated achievements of any military force in ancient warfare.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  3. 105 BCEBattle of ArausioArausioThe Battle of Arausio took place on 6 October 105 BC, at a site between the town of Arausio, now Orange, Vaucluse, and the Rhône river, when two Roman armies, commanded by proconsul Quintus Servilius Caepio and consul Gnaeus Mallius Maximus, suffered a major defeat at the hands of the Cimbri and Teuton migratory tribes who were led by Boiorix and Teutobod respectively.Source: Wikidata (country)
  4. 102 BCEBattle of Aquae SextiaeAquae SextiaeThe Battle of Aquae Sextiae (Aix-en-Provence) took place in 102 BC. After a series of Roman defeats at the Battle of Noreia, the Battle of Burdigala, and most notably at the Battle of Arausio, the Romans under Gaius Marius finally defeated the Teutons and Ambrones as they attempted to advance through the Alps into Italy. Local lore associates the name of the mountain, Mont St.Source: Wikidata (country)
  5. 58 BCE – 51 BCEGallic WarsGaulThe Gallic Wars were waged between 58 and 50 BC by the Roman general Gaius Julius Caesar against the peoples of Gaul (present-day France, Belgium, and Switzerland), Britain and Germania. Gallic, Germanic, and Brittonic tribes fought to defend their homelands against an aggressive Roman campaign.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  6. 58 BCEBattle of BibracteSaône-et-LoireThe Battle of Bibracte was fought between a Gallic confederation centred around the Helvetii and a Roman army under the command of Gaius Julius Caesar. It was the first major battle of the Gallic Wars.Source: Wikidata (country)
  7. 58 BCEBattle of the ArarVillefranche-sur-SaôneThe Battle of the Arar was fought between the migrating tribes of the Helvetii and six Roman legions under the command of Gaius Julius Caesar in 58 BC. It was the first major battle of the Gallic Wars and ended in a tactical victory for the outnumbered Roman army.Source: Wikidata (country)
  8. 58 BCEBattle of VosgesAlsaceThe Battle of Vosges, also referred to as the Battle of Vesontio, was fought on September 14, 58 BC between a coalition of Germanic tribes, under the leadership of Ariovistus, and a Roman army supported by Gallic allies under the overall command of Gaius Julius Caesar. This encounter is the second major battle of the Gallic Wars.Source: Wikidata (country)
  9. 57 BCEBattle of the AxonaAisneThe Battle of the Axona was fought in 57 BC, between the Roman army of Gaius Julius Caesar and the Belgae. The Belgae, led by King Galba of the Suessiones, attacked, only to be repelled by Caesar. Fearing an ambush, the Romans delayed their pursuit. Caesar's Commentarii de Bello Gallico describes this battle at 2.7 - 2.11.Source: Wikidata (country)
  10. 57 BCEBattle of the SabisSaulzoirThe Battle of the Sabis also (arguably erroneously) known as the Battle of the Sambre or the Battle against the Nervians (or Nervii) was fought in 57 BC near modern Saulzoir in Northern France. At the River Sabis a Roman army under the command of Gaius Julius Caesar fought an association of Belgae tribes, principally the Nervii. Caesar was surprised and nearly defeated by a Belgae surprise attack.Source: Wikidata (country)
  11. 52 BCEBattle of AlesiaAlesiaThe Battle of Alesia or Siege of Alesia (September 52 BC) was the climactic military engagement of the Gallic Wars, fought around the Gallic oppidum (fortified settlement) of Alesia in modern France, a major centre of the Mandubii tribe. It was fought by the Roman army of Julius Caesar against a confederation of Gallic tribes united under the leadership of Vercingetorix of the Arverni.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  12. 52 BCEBattle of GergoviaGergovieThe Battle of Gergovia took place in 52 BC in Gaul at Gergovia, the chief oppidum (fortified town) of the Arverni. The battle was fought between a Roman Republican army, led by proconsul Julius Caesar, and Gallic forces led by Vercingetorix, who was also the Arverni chieftain. The Romans attempted to besiege Gergovia, but miscommunication ruined the Roman plan.Source: Wikidata (country)
  13. 197 CEBattle of LugdunumLugdunumThe Battle of Lugdunum, also called the Battle of Lyon, was fought on 19 February 197 at Lugdunum (modern Lyon, France), between the armies of the Roman emperor Septimius Severus and of the Roman usurper Claudius Albinus. Severus' victory finally established him as the sole emperor of the Roman Empire following the Year of the Five Emperors and immediate aftermath.Source: Wikidata (country)
  14. 357 CEBattle of StrasbourgArgentoratumThe Battle of Strasbourg, also known as the Battle of Argentoratum, was fought in 357 between the Western Roman army under Julian and the Alamanni tribal confederation led by the joint paramount King Chnodomar. The battle took place near Strasbourg, called Argentoratum in Ammianus Marcellinus' account, Argentorate in the Tabula Peutingeriana (section 2).Source: Wikidata (country)
  15. 451 CEBattle of the Catalaunian PlainsTroyesThe Battle of the Catalaunian Plains (or Fields), also called the Battle of the Campus Mauriacus, Battle of Châlons, Battle of Troyes or the Battle of Maurica, took place on 20 June 451 AD, pitting a coalition led by the Roman general Flavius Aetius and the Visigothic king Theodoric I against the Huns and their vassals, commanded by their king, Attila.Source: Wikidata (country)
  16. 486 CEBattle of SoissonsSoissonsThe Battle of Soissons was fought in 486 between Frankish forces under Clovis I and the Gallo-Roman domain of Soissons under Syagrius. The battle was a victory for the Franks, and led to the conquest of the Roman rump state of Soissons, a milestone for the Franks in their attempt to establish themselves as a major regional power.Source: Wikidata (country)
  17. 507 CEBattle of VouilléVouilléThe Battle of Vouillé (from Latin Campus Vogladensis) was a battle in the Franco-Gothic War and was fought in the northern marches of Visigothic territory, at Vouillé, near Poitiers (Gaul), around spring 507 between the Franks, commanded by Clovis, and the Visigoths, commanded by Alaric II. The Franks' victory resulted in their conquest of Gallia Aquitania and the death of Alaric II.Source: Wikidata (country)
  18. 711 CE – 726 CEMuslim conquest of the Iberian PeninsulaIberian PeninsulaThe Umayyad Caliphate conquered the Visigothic Kingdom on the Iberian Peninsula in the early 8th century. The conquest resulted in the end of Christian rule throughout most of Iberia and the establishment of Muslim rule in that territory, which came to be known as al-Andalus under the Umayyad dynasty.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  19. 721 CEBattle of ToulouseToulouseThe Battle of Toulouse (721) was a victory of an Aquitanian Christian army led by Odo the Great, Duke of Aquitaine over an Umayyad Muslim army besieging the city of Toulouse, led by al-Samh ibn Malik al-Khawlani, the Umayyad wāli (governor-general) of al-Andalus. The decisive Aquitanian victory checked the spread of Umayyad control westward from Narbonne into Aquitaine.Source: Wikidata (country)
  20. 732 CEBattle of ToursPoitiersThe Battle of Tours, also called the Battle of Poitiers and the Battle of the Highway of the Martyrs (Arabic: معركة بلاط الشهداء, romanized: Maʿrakat Balāṭ ash-Shuhadā'), was fought on 10 October 732, and was an important battle during the Umayyad invasion of Gaul.Source: Wikidata (country)
  21. 756 CEDonation of PepinQuierzyThe Donation of Pepin, or Donation of Pippin, was the transfer of Frankish territory in Central Italy to Pope Stephen II made by Pepin the Short, King of the Franks, in 756.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  22. 841 CEBattle of FontenoyFontenoyThe Battle of Fontenoy (25 June 841), also called the Battle of Fontenoy-en-Puisaye or Battle of Fontenay in older works, was the largest battle of the Carolingian civil war. Fought at Fontenoy in the Puisaye, the battle was a major defeat for the allied forces of Lothair I of Italy and Pepin II of Aquitaine, and a victory for Charles the Bald and Louis the German. It was not, however, decisive.Source: Wikidata (country)
  23. 843 CETreaty of VerdunVerdunThe Treaty of Verdun (French: Traité de Verdun; German: Vertrag von Verdun), agreed to on 10 August 843, ended the Carolingian civil war and divided the Carolingian Empire between Lothair I, Louis II and Charles II, the surviving sons of the emperor Louis I. The treaty was the culmination of negotiations lasting more than a year.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  24. 845 CESiege of ParisParisThe siege of Paris of 845 was the culmination of a Viking invasion of West Francia. The Viking forces were led by a Norse chieftain named "Reginherus", or Ragnar, who has been tentatively identified with the legendary saga character Ragnar Lodbrok. Reginherus's fleet of 120 Viking ships, carrying thousands of warriors, entered the Seine in March and sailed up the river.Source: Wikidata (country)
  25. 880 CETreaty of RibemontRibemontThe Treaty of Ribemont was a dynastic treaty concluded in the city of Ribemont in February 880, between the East Frankish king Louis the Younger, and his cousins, West Frankish kings Louis III and Carloman II.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  26. 885 CE – 886 CESiege of ParisParisThe siege of Paris of 885–886 was part of a Viking raid on the Seine, in the western part of the Frankish Empire. The siege was the most important event of the reign of Charles the Fat and a turning point in the fortunes of the Carolingian dynasty and the history of France. It also proved for the Franks the strategic importance of Paris at a time when it also was one of the largest cities in West Francia.Source: Wikidata (country)
  27. 1071Battle of CasselCasselThe Battle of Cassel was fought in February 1071 between Robert I of Flanders (or Robert the Frisian) and his nephew, Arnulf III (son of Baldwin VI of Flanders). The battle was a victory for Robert, and Arnulf was killed in the battle.Source: Wikidata (country)
  28. 1095Council of ClermontFranceThe Council of Clermont was a mixed synod of ecclesiastics and laymen of the Catholic Church, called by Pope Urban II and held from 17 to 27 November 1095 at Clermont, Auvergne, at the time part of the Duchy of Aquitaine.Source: Wikidata (country)
  29. 1106Battle of TinchebrayTinchebrayThe Battle of Tinchebray (alternative spellings: Tinchebrai or Tenchebrai) took place on 28 September 1106, in Tinchebray (today in the Orne département of France), Normandy, between an invading force led by King Henry I of England, and the Norman army of his elder brother Robert Curthose, the Duke of Normandy.Source: Wikidata (country)
  30. 1119Battle of BrémuleGaillardbois-CressenvilleThe Battle of Brémule was fought on 20 August 1119 between Henry I of England and Louis VI the Fat of France. Henry I had to defend his holdings in Normandy several times and his victory at this battle repelled a French invasion.Source: Wikidata (country)
  31. 1213Battle of MuretMuretThe Battle of Muret (Occitan: Batalha de Murèth), fought on 12 September 1213 near Muret, 25 km (16 mi) south of Toulouse, was the last major battle of the Albigensian Crusade and one of the most notable pitched battles of the Middle Ages.Source: Wikidata (country)
  32. 1214Battle of BouvinesBouvinesThe Battle of Bouvines took place on 27 July 1214 near the town of Bouvines in the County of Flanders. It was the concluding battle of the Anglo-French War of 1213–1214. Although estimates on the number of troops vary considerably among modern historians, at Bouvines, a French army commanded by King Philip Augustus routed a larger allied army led by Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV in one of the rare pitched battles of…Source: Wikidata (country)
  33. 1259Treaty of ParisParisThe Treaty of Paris, also known as the Treaty of Abbeville, was signed on 4 December 1259 by King Louis IX of France and King Henry III of England. It marked a turning point in European politics, leading to new political dynamics, cultural exchanges, and social changes.Source: Wikidata (country)
  34. 1284Battle of MeloriaMeloriaThe Battle of Meloria was fought near the islet of Meloria in the Ligurian Sea on 5 and 6 August 1284 between the fleets of the Republics of Genoa and Pisa as part of the Genoese-Pisan War. The victory of Genoa and the destruction of the Pisan fleet marked the decline of the Republic of Pisa.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  35. 1337 – 1453Hundred Years' WarFranceThe Hundred Years' War (French: Guerre de Cent Ans; 1337–1453) was a series of conflicts between the kingdoms of England and France and a civil war in France during the late Middle Ages. It emerged from feudal disputes over the Duchy of Aquitaine and was triggered by a claim to the French throne made by Edward III of England.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  36. 1346Battle of CrécyCrécy-en-PonthieuThe Battle of Crécy took place on 26 August 1346 in northern France between a French army commanded by King Philip VI and an English army led by King Edward III. The French attacked the English while they were traversing northern France during the Hundred Years' War, resulting in an English victory and heavy loss of life among the French.Source: Wikidata (country)
  37. 1346Battle of CaenCaenThe Battle of Caen was an assault conducted on 26 July 1346 by forces from the Kingdom of England, led by King Edward III, on the French-held town of Caen and Normandy as a part of the Hundred Years' War.Source: Wikidata (country)
  38. 1346 – 1347Siege of CalaisCalaisThe siege of Calais (4 September 1346 – 3 August 1347) occurred at the conclusion of the Crécy campaign, when an English army under the command of King Edward III of England successfully besieged the French town of Calais during the Edwardian phase of the Hundred Years' War.Source: Wikidata (country)
  39. 1356Battle of PoitiersNouaillé-MaupertuisThe Battle of Poitiers was fought on 19 September 1356, during the Hundred Years' War, between a French army commanded by King John II and an Anglo-Gascon force under Edward, the Black Prince. It took place in western France, 5 miles (8 km) south of Poitiers, when approximately 14,000 to 16,000 French attacked a strong defensive position held by 6,000 Anglo-Gascons.Source: Wikidata (country)
  40. 1360Treaty of BrétignyBrétignyThe Treaty of Brétigny was a treaty, drafted on 8 May 1360 and ratified on 24 October 1360, between Kings Edward III of England and John II of France. In retrospect, it is seen as having marked the end of the first phase of the Hundred Years' War (1337–1453).Source: Wikidata (country)
  41. 1364Battle of AurayAurayThe Battle of Auray (29 September 1364) at the Breton-French town of Auray was the decisive confrontation of the Breton War of Succession, a part of the Hundred Years' War.Source: Wikidata (country)
  42. 1372Battle of La RochelleLa RochelleThe Battle of La Rochelle was fought on 22 and 23 June 1372 between a Castilian fleet commanded by the Castilian Almirant Ambrosio Boccanegra and an English fleet commanded by John Hastings, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. The Castilian fleet had been sent to attack the English at La Rochelle, which was being besieged by Castile's French allies.Source: Wikidata (country)
  43. 1415Battle of AgincourtAzincourtThe Battle of Agincourt ( AJ-in-kor(t); French: Azincourt [azɛ̃kuʁ]) was an English victory in the Hundred Years' War (1337–1453). It took place on 25 October 1415 (Saint Crispin's Day) near Azincourt, in northern France. The unexpected victory of the vastly outnumbered English troops over the French army boosted English morale, crippled France, and began a new period of English dominance in the war.Source: Wikidata (country)
  44. 1424Battle of VerneuilPiseuxThe Battle of Verneuil was a battle of the Hundred Years' War, fought on 17 August 1424 near Verneuil-sur-Avre in Normandy between an English army and a combined Franco-Scottish force, augmented by Milanese heavy cavalry. The battle was a significant English victory, and was described by them as a second Agincourt.Source: Wikidata (country)
  45. 1428 – 1429Siege of OrléansOrléansThe siege of Orléans (12 October 1428 – 8 May 1429) marked a turning point of the Hundred Years' War between France and England. The siege took place at the pinnacle of English power during the later stages of the war, but was repulsed by French forces inspired by the arrival of Joan of Arc.Source: Wikidata (country)
  46. 1429Battle of PatayPatayThe Battle of Patay, fought on 18 June 1429 during the Hundred Years' War, was the culmination of the Loire Campaign between the French and English in north-central France. In this engagement, the horsemen of the French vanguard inflicted heavy casualties on an English army, most of them sustained by longbowmen as the English cavalry fled. In addition, all but one of the senior English commanders were captured.Source: Wikidata (country)
  47. 1429Battle of the HerringsRouvray-Sainte-CroixThe Battle of the Herrings, also called the Battle of Rouvray, was a military action near the town of Rouvray in France, just north of Orléans, which took place on 12 February 1429, during the siege of Orléans in the Hundred Years' War.Source: Wikidata (country)
  48. 1450Battle of FormignyFormignyThe Battle of Formigny, fought on 15 April 1450, took place towards the end of the Hundred Years' War between England and France. A decisive French victory that destroyed the last significant English field army in Normandy, it paved the way for the recapture of their remaining strongholds.Source: Wikidata (country)
  49. 1453Battle of CastillonCastillon-la-BatailleThe Battle of Castillon was a battle between the forces of England and France which took place on 17 July 1453 in Gascony near the town of Castillon-sur-Dordogne (later Castillon-la-Bataille).Source: Wikidata (country)
  50. 1476 – 1477Battle of NancyNancyThe Battle of Nancy was the final and decisive battle of the Burgundian Wars, fought on 5 January 1477 outside the walls of Nancy, Lorraine by Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, against René II, Duke of Lorraine, and the Swiss Confederacy. René's forces won the battle, and Charles' mutilated body was found two days later.Source: Wikidata (country)
  51. 1543Siege of NiceNiceThe siege of Nice occurred in 1543 and was part of the Italian War of 1542–46 in which Francis I and Suleiman the Magnificent collaborated as part of the Franco-Ottoman alliance against the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, and Henry VIII of England. At that time, Nice was under the control of Charles III, Duke of Savoy, an ally of Charles V.Source: Wikidata (country)
  52. 1551 – 1559Italian War of 1551–1559FranceThe Italian War of 1551–1559 began when Henry II of France declared war against Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, with the intent of recapturing parts of Italy and ensuring French, rather than Habsburg, domination of European affairs. The war ended following the signing of the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis between the monarchs of Spain, England and France in 1559.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  53. 1562Massacre of VassyWassyThe Massacre of Vassy (French: massacre de Wassy) was the murder of Huguenot worshippers and citizens in an armed action by troops of the Duke of Guise, in Wassy, France on 1 March 1562. The massacre is identified as the first major event in the French Wars of Religion. The series of battles that followed concluded in the signing of the Peace of Amboise (or Pacification Treaty of Amboise) on 19 March 1563.Source: Wikidata (country)
  54. 1572St. Bartholomew's Day massacreParisThe Saint Bartholomew's Day massacre (French: Massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy) in 1572 was a targeted group of assassinations and a wave of Catholic mob violence directed against the Huguenots (French Calvinist Protestants) during the French Wars of Religion.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  55. 1579Union of ArrasArrasThe Union of Arras (Dutch: Unie van Atrecht, French: Union d'Arras, Spanish: Unión de Arrás) was an alliance between the County of Artois, the County of Hainaut and the city of Douai in the Habsburg Netherlands in early 1579 during the Eighty Years' War.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  56. 1627 – 1628Siege of La RochelleLa RochelleThe siege of La Rochelle (French: le siège de La Rochelle, or sometimes le grand siège de La Rochelle) was a result of a war between the French royal forces of King Louis XIII and the Huguenots of La Rochelle in 1627–1628. The siege marked the height of the struggle between the Catholics and the Protestants in France and French territories, and ended with a complete victory for Louis XIII and the Catholics.Source: Wikidata (country)
  57. 1643Battle of RocroiRocroiThe Battle of Rocroi, fought on 19 May 1643, was a major engagement of the Thirty Years' War between a French army, led by the 21-year-old Duke of Enghien (later known as the Great Condé) and Spanish forces under General Francisco de Melo only five days after the accession of Louis XIV to the throne of France after his father's death.Source: Wikidata (country)
  58. 1658Battle of the DunesDunkirkThe Battle of the Dunes (French: Bataille des Dunes, Spanish: Batalla de las Dunas), also known as the Battle of Dunkirk, took place on 14 June 1658, near the strategic port of Dunkirk in what was then the Spanish Netherlands. Part of the Franco-Spanish War and concurrent Anglo-Spanish War, a French army under Turenne, supported by troops from the Commonwealth of England, had besieged Dunkirk.Source: Wikidata (country)
  59. 1659Treaty of the PyreneesPheasant IslandThe Treaty of the Pyrenees was signed on 7 November 1659 and ended the Franco–Spanish War that had begun in 1635.Source: Wikidata (country)
  60. 1667 – 1668War of DevolutionDutch RepublicThe War of Devolution took place from May 1667 to May 1668. In the course of the war, France occupied large parts of the Spanish Netherlands and Franche-Comté, both then provinces of the Holy Roman Empire ruled by Spain. Its name derives from an obscure law known as the Jus Devolutionis, used by Louis XIV to claim that these territories had "devolved" to him by right of marriage to Maria Theresa of Spain.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  61. 1677Battle of CasselCasselThe Battle of Cassel, also known as the Battle of Peene, took place on 11 April 1677 during the Franco-Dutch War, near Cassel, 15 km (9 mi) west of Saint-Omer. A French army commanded by the duc de Luxembourg defeated a combined Dutch–Spanish force under William of Orange.Source: Wikidata (country)
  62. 1707Siege of ToulonToulonThe siege of Toulon took place between 29 July and 21 August 1707 during the War of the Spanish Succession, when a combined Savoyard-Imperial army supported by a British naval force, attacked the French base at Toulon.Source: Wikidata (country)
  63. 1709Battle of MalplaquetTaisnières-sur-HonThe Battle of Malplaquet, 11 September 1709, was fought during the War of the Spanish Succession, near Taisnières-sur-Hon, close to the then border between France and Belgium. A French army of around 75,000 men, commanded by the Duke of Villars, engaged a Grand Alliance force of 86,000 under the Duke of Marlborough.Source: Wikidata (country)
  64. 1712Battle of DenainDenainThe Battle of Denain was fought on 24 July 1712 as part of the War of the Spanish Succession. It resulted in a French victory, under Marshal Villars, against Dutch and Austrian forces, under Prince Eugene of Savoy.Source: Wikidata (country)
  65. 1720 – 1722Great Plague of MarseilleMarseilleThe Great Plague of Marseille (French: peste de Marseille), also known as the Plague of Provence, was the last major outbreak of bubonic plague in Western Europe. Arriving in Marseille, France, in 1720, the disease killed over 100,000 people: 50,000 in the city during the next two years, out of a total population of 90,000 (more than 50% of the city's population) and another 50,000 to the north in surrounding…Source: Wikidata (country)
  66. 1744Battle of ToulonToulonThe Battle of Toulon took place on 21 and 22 February 1744 NS near the French Mediterranean port of Toulon. Although France was not yet at war with Britain, ships from their Levant Fleet supported an attempt by a Spanish force trapped in Toulon to break through the British Mediterranean Fleet.Source: Wikidata (country)
  67. 1759Battle of Quiberon BayQuiberon BayThe Battle of Quiberon Bay (known as the Bataille des Cardinaux by the French) was a decisive naval engagement during the Seven Years' War. It was fought on 20–21 November 1759 between the Royal Navy and the French Navy in Quiberon Bay, off the coast of France near Saint-Nazaire.Source: Wikidata (country)
  68. 1762Treaty of FontainebleauFontainebleauThe Treaty of Fontainebleau, signed on November 3, 1762, was a secret agreement of 1762 in which the Kingdom of France ceded Louisiana to Spain. The treaty followed the last battle in the French and Indian War in North America, the Battle of Signal Hill in September 1762, which confirmed British control of Canada. In Europe, the associated Seven Years' War continued to rage.Source: Wikidata (country)
  69. 1789 – 1799French RevolutionFranceParisians storm the Bastille. The monarchy falls, and ideas of rights and citizenship spread across Europe.Source: Wikidata (country)
  70. 1791 – 1804Haitian RevolutionSaint-DomingueThe Haitian Revolution, also known as the Haitian War of Independence, was an armed conflict and insurrection by enslaved Black Africans against French colonial rule in Saint-Domingue, now the sovereign state of Haiti.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  71. 1791Champ de Mars massacreChamp de MarsThe Champ de Mars massacre took place on 17 July 1791 in Paris at the Champ de Mars against a crowd of republican protesters amid the French Revolution. Two days before, the National Constituent Assembly issued a decree that King Louis XVI would retain his throne under a constitutional monarchy.Source: Wikidata (country)
  72. 1792Battle of ValmySainte-MenehouldThe Battle of Valmy, also known as the Cannonade of Valmy, was the first major victory by the army of France during the Revolutionary Wars that followed the French Revolution. The battle took place on 20 September 1792 as Prussian troops commanded by the Duke of Brunswick attempted to march on Paris.Source: Wikidata (country)
  73. 1793 – 1796War in the VendéeVendéeThe War in the Vendée (French: Guerre de Vendée [ɡɛʁ də vɑ̃de]) was a counter-revolutionary insurrection that took place in the Vendée region of France from 1793 to 1796, during the French Revolution. The Vendée is a coastal region, located immediately south of the river Loire in western France.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  74. 1793Siege of ToulonToulonThe siege of Toulon took place during the War of the First Coalition. Following the insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793, a Federalist revolt against the French First Republic broke out in the city of Toulon, France. The Federalists were soon supplanted by more numerous French Royalists, aided by the First Coalition, which sent forces to help them hold the city.Source: Wikidata (country)
  75. 1794Glorious First of JuneOuessantThe Glorious First of June, also known as the Third Battle of Ushant and the Fourth Battle of Ushant, (known in France as the Bataille du 13 prairial an 2 or Combat de Prairial) was a fleet action fought on 1 June 1794 between the British and French navies during the War of the First Coalition. It was the first and largest fleet action of the French Revolutionary Wars.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  76. 179513 VendémiaireParis13 Vendémiaire, Year 4 in the French Republican Calendar (5 October 1795 in the Gregorian calendar), was a battle between the French Revolutionary troops and Royalist forces in the streets of Paris. This battle was part of the establishing of a new form of government, the Directory, and it was a major factor in the rapid advancement of Republican General Napoleon Bonaparte's career.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  77. 1797Coup of 18 FructidorTuileries PalaceThe Coup of 18 Fructidor, Year V (4 September 1797 in the French Republican Calendar), was a seizure of power in France by members of the Directory, then forming the government of the First French Republic, with support from the military.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  78. 1799Coup of 18 BrumaireChâteau de Saint-CloudThe Coup of 18 Brumaire (French: Coup d'État du 18 Brumaire) brought Napoleon Bonaparte to power as First Consul of the French First Republic. In the view of most historians, it ended the French Revolution and would soon lead to the coronation of Napoleon as Emperor of the French. This bloodless coup d'état overthrew the Directory, replacing it with the French Consulate.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  79. 1807Treaty of FontainebleauPalace of FontainebleauThe Treaty of Fontainebleau was a secret agreement signed on 27 October 1807 in Fontainebleau, France between King Charles IV of Spain and the French Emperor Napoleon. Under the treaty, the House of Braganza was to be driven from the Kingdom of Portugal with the country subsequently divided into three regions, the north and south to be ruled by Louis II, King of Etruria and Spanish minister Manuel Godoy…Source: Wikidata (country)
  80. 1814Battle of ChampaubertChampaubertThe Battle of Champaubert (10 February 1814) was the opening engagement of the Six Days' Campaign. It was fought between a French army led by Emperor Napoleon and a small Russian corps commanded by Lieutenant General Count Zakhar Dmitrievich Olsufiev. After putting up a good fight, the Russian formation was destroyed; the survivors escaped into the woods while Olsufiev became a French prisoner.Source: Wikidata (country)
  81. 1814Battle of ParisParisThe Battle of Paris or the Storming of Paris (30–31 March 1814) saw the Allied forces of Russia, Austria, Prussia, and Württemberg attack Paris defended by troops of the First French Empire under Joseph Bonaparte. The French soldiers put up a stout resistance at the capital's eastern suburbs on 30 March but were steadily driven back by the overwhelmingly superior Allied forces.Source: Wikidata (country)
  82. 1814Treaty of FontainebleauPalace of FontainebleauThe Treaty of Fontainebleau was an agreement concluded in Fontainebleau, France, on 11 April 1814 between Napoleon and representatives of Austria, Russia and Prussia. The treaty was signed in Paris on 11 April by the plenipotentiaries of both sides and ratified by Napoleon on 13 April. With this treaty, the allies ended Napoleon's rule as emperor of the French and sent him into exile on Elba.Source: Wikidata (country)
  83. 1830July RevolutionParisThe July Revolution (French: Révolution de Juillet), also known as the French Revolution of 1830, Second French Revolution, or les Trois Glorieuses ("the Three Glorious [Days]"), was a second French Revolution after the first of 1789–99.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  84. 1831June RebellionParisThe June Rebellion, also called the Paris Uprising of 1832 (French: Insurrection républicaine à Paris en juin 1832), was an anti-monarchist insurrection of Parisian republicans on 5 and 6 June 1832.Source: Wikidata (country)
  85. 1848French Revolution of 1848July MonarchyThe French Revolution of 1848 (French: Révolution française de 1848), also known as the February Revolution (Révolution de février), was a period of civil unrest in France, in February 1848, that led to the collapse of the July Monarchy and the foundation of the French Second Republic. It sparked the wave of revolutions of 1848.Source: Wikidata (country)
  86. 18511851 French coup d'étatFranceLouis-Napoléon Bonaparte, at the time president of France under the Second Republic, staged a self-coup on 2 December 1851. Code-named Operation Rubicon and timed to coincide with the anniversary of his uncle Napoleon I's coronation and victory at Austerlitz, the coup dissolved the National Assembly, granted dictatorial powers to the president and preceded the establishment of the Second French Empire a year later.Source: Wikidata (country)
  87. 1856Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime LawParisThe Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law of 16 April 1856 was an international multilateral treaty agreed to by the warring parties in the Crimean War gathered at the Congress at Paris after the peace treaty of Paris had been signed in March 1856.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  88. 1870 – 1871Franco-Prussian WarFranceThe Franco-Prussian War, occasionally known as the Franco-German War, and sometimes referred to in France as the War of 1870, was a conflict between France and the North German Confederation led by Prussia.Source: Wikidata (country)
  89. 1870Battle of Sedanarrondissement of SedanThe Battle of Sedan, also known as the First Battle of Sedan, was fought during the Franco-Prussian War from 1 to 2 September 1870. Resulting in the capture of Emperor Napoleon III and over a hundred thousand troops, it effectively decided the war in favour of Prussia and its allies; however, fighting continued under a new French government.Source: Wikidata (country)
  90. 1870Battle of GravelotteGravelotteThe Battle of Gravelotte (or Battle of Gravelotte–St. Privat) on 18 August 1870 was the largest battle of the Franco-Prussian War. Named after Gravelotte, a village in Lorraine, it was fought about 6 miles (9.7 km) west of Metz, where on the previous day, having intercepted the French army's retreat to the west at the Battle of Mars-la-Tour, the Prussians were now closing in to complete the destruction of the French…Source: Wikidata (country)
  91. 1870Battle of Mars-la-TourMars-la-TourThe Battle of Mars-la-Tour (also known as the Battle of Vionville or Battle of Rezonville) was fought on 16 August 1870, during the Franco-Prussian War, near the village of Mars-la-Tour in northeast France.Source: Wikidata (country)
  92. 1870Battle of SpicherenSpicherenThe Battle of Spicheren (also known as the Battle of Forbach) was fought on 6 August 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War. German forces won a victory compelled the French to withdraw to the defenses of Metz. The battle was the second of three critical French defeats.Source: Wikidata (country)
  93. 1870Battle of WissembourgWissembourgThe Battle of Wissembourg or Battle of Weissenburg, the first of the Franco-Prussian War, was joined when three German army corps surprised the small French garrison at Wissembourg on 4 August 1870.Source: Wikidata (country)
  94. 1870Siege of MetzMetzThe Siege of Metz was a siege fought during the Franco-Prussian War from 19 August to 27 October 1870, and ended in a decisive allied German victory.Source: Wikidata (country)
  95. 1870 – 1871Siege of ParisParisThe Siege of Paris took place from 19 September 1870 to 28 January 1871 and ended in the capture of the city by forces of the various states of the North German Confederation, led by the Kingdom of Prussia. The siege was the culmination of the Franco-Prussian War, which saw the Second French Empire attempt to reassert its dominance over continental Europe by declaring war on the North German Confederation.Source: Wikidata (country)
  96. 1870Siege of StrasbourgStrasbourgThe siege of Strasbourg took place during the Franco-Prussian War, and resulted in the French surrender of the fortress on 28 September 1870.Source: Wikidata (country)
  97. 1871Treaty of VersaillesVersaillesThe Treaty of Versailles of 1871 ended the Franco-Prussian War and was signed by Adolphe Thiers of the Third French Republic and Otto von Bismarck of the newly formed German Empire on 26 February 1871. A preliminary treaty, it was used to solidify the initial armistice of 28 January between the powers.Source: Wikidata (country)
  98. 1875Metre ConventionInternational Bureau of Weights and MeasuresThe Metre Convention (French: Convention du Mètre), also known as the Treaty of the Metre, is an international treaty that was signed in Paris on 20 May 1875 by representatives of 17 sovereign states: Argentina, Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Brazil, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Peru, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden-Norway, Switzerland, the Ottoman Empire, the United States, and Venezuela.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  99. 1883Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial PropertyParisThe Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, signed in Paris, France, on 20 March 1883, is one of the first intellectual property treaties. It established a Union for the protection of industrial property. The convention is in force, with the substantive provisions of the Convention falling into three main categories: national treatment, priority right and common rules.Source: Wikidata (country)
  100. 18931893 Franco-Siamese crisisFrench IndochinaThe Franco-Siamese crisis of 1893, known in Thailand as the Incident of Rattanakosin Era 112 (Thai: วิกฤตการณ์ ร.ศ. 112,Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  101. 1904Entente CordialeNormandyThe Entente Cordiale (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃tɑ̃t kɔʁdjal]; lit. 'Cordial Agreement') comprised a series of agreements signed on 8 April 1904 between the United Kingdom and France which saw a significant improvement in Anglo-French relations.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  102. 1914First Battle of the MarneAulnoisThe First Battle of the Marne or known in France as the Miracle on the Marne (French: miracle de la Marne) was a battle of the First World War fought from 5 to 12 September 1914. The German army invaded France with a plan for winning the war in 40 days by occupying Paris and destroying the French and British armies. The Germans had initial successes in August.Source: Wikidata (country)
  103. 1914 – 1918Western FrontAlsace–LorraineThe Western Front was one of the main theatres of war during World War I. Following the outbreak of war in August 1914, the German Army opened the Western Front by invading Luxembourg and Belgium, then gaining military control of important industrial regions in France. The German advance was halted with the Battle of the Marne.Source: Wikidata (country)
  104. 1914Battle of Le CateauLe Cateau-CambrésisThe Battle of Le Cateau was fought on the Western Front during the First World War on 26 August 1914. The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) and the French Fifth Army had retreated after their defeats at the Battle of Charleroi (21–23 August) and the Battle of Mons (23 August). The British II Corps fought a delaying action at Le Cateau to slow the German pursuit.Source: Wikidata (country)
  105. 1914Battle of LorraineLorraineThe Battle of Lorraine (14 August – 7 September 1914) was a battle on the Western Front during the First World War. The armies of France and Germany had completed their mobilisation, the French with Plan XVII, to conduct an offensive through Lorraine and Alsace into Germany and the Germans with Aufmarsch II West, for an offensive in the north through Luxembourg and Belgium into France, supplemented with attacks in…Source: Wikidata (country)
  106. 1914Battle of MulhouseMulhouseThe Battle of Mulhouse (German: Mülhausen), also called the Battle of Alsace (French: Bataille d'Alsace), began on 7 August 1914 and was the opening attack of the First World War by the French Army against the German Empire. The battle was a French attempt to recover Alsace, which France had ceded to Germany after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871.Source: Wikidata (country)
  107. 1914Battle of St. QuentinGuiseThe Battle of St. Quentin (also called the First Battle of Guise, French: 1ere Bataille de Guise) was fought from 29 to 30 August 1914, during the First World War.Source: Wikidata (country)
  108. 1914Battle of the ArdennesArdennesThe Battle of the Ardennes took place during the First World War fought on the frontiers of France, Germany, Belgium and Luxembourg from 21 to 23 August 1914. The German Empire defeated the Third French Republic and forced a French retreat. The battle was part of the larger Battle of the Frontiers, the first battle of the Western Front.Source: Wikidata (country)
  109. 1914 – 1919Battle of the FrontiersLorraineThe Battle of the Frontiers (French: Bataille des Frontières; German: Grenzschlachten; Dutch: Slag der Grenzen) comprised battles fought along the eastern frontier of France and in southern Belgium, shortly after the outbreak of the First World War.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  110. 1914Battle of the YserYserThe Battle of the Yser was a battle of the First World War that took place in October 1914 between the towns of Nieuwpoort and Diksmuide, along a 35 km (22 mi) stretch of the Yser River and the Yperlee Canal, in Belgium. The front line was held by a large Belgian force, which halted the German advance in a costly defensive battle.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  111. 1914 – 1915First Battle of ChampagneChampagne-ArdenneThe First Battle of Champagne (French: 1ère Bataille de Champagne) was fought from 20 December 1914 – 17 March 1915 in World War I in the Champagne region of France and was the second offensive by the Allies against the German Empire since mobile warfare had ended after the First Battle of Ypres in Flanders (19 October – 22 November 1914). The battle was fought by the French Fourth Army and the German 3rd Army.Source: Wikidata (country)
  112. 1914First Battle of the AisneAisneThe First Battle of the Aisne (French: 1ère Bataille de l'Aisne) was the Allied follow-up offensive against the right wing of the German First Army (led by Alexander von Kluck) and the Second Army (led by Karl von Bülow) as they retreated after the First Battle of the Marne earlier in September 1914.Source: Wikidata (country)
  113. 1915Battle of LoosLoos-en-GohelleThe Battle of Loos took place from 25 September to 8 October 1915 in France on the Western Front, during the First World War. It was the biggest British attack of 1915, the first time that the British used gas as a weapon and the first mass engagement of New Army divisions.Source: Wikidata (country)
  114. 1915Second Battle of ChampagneChampagneThe Second Battle of Champagne (French: Bataille de Champagne, German: Herbstschlacht, [Autumn Battle]) in the First World War was a French offensive against the German army in Champagne that coincided with the Third Battle of Artois in the north and ended in a German victory.Source: Wikidata (country)
  115. 1916Battle of the SommeRiver SommeThe Battle of the Somme (French: Bataille de la Somme; German: Schlacht an der Somme), also known as the Somme offensive, was a battle of the First World War fought by the armies of the British Empire and the French Republic against the German Empire. It took place between 1 July and 18 November 1916 on both sides of the upper reaches of the river Somme in France.Source: Wikidata (country)
  116. 1916Battle of VerdunVerdunThe Battle of Verdun (French: Bataille de Verdun [bataj də vɛʁdœ̃]; German: Schlacht um Verdun [ʃlaxt ʔʊm ˈvɛɐ̯dœ̃]) was fought from 21 February to 18 December 1916 on the Western Front in France. The battle was the longest of the First World War and took place on the hills north of Verdun.Source: Wikidata (country)
  117. 1917Battle of ArrasArrasThe Battle of Arras, also known as the Second Battle of Arras, was a British offensive on the Western Front during the First World War. From 9 April to 16 May 1917, British troops attacked German defences near the French city of Arras on the Western Front.Source: Wikidata (country)
  118. 1917Battle of CambraiCambraiThe Battle of Cambrai (Battle of Cambrai, 1917, First Battle of Cambrai and Schlacht von Cambrai) was a British attack in the First World War, followed by the biggest German counter-attack against the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) since 1914.Source: Wikidata (country)
  119. 1917Battle of Vimy RidgeVimyThe Battle of Vimy Ridge (9–12 April 1917) was part of the Battle of Arras, in the Pas-de-Calais department of France, during the First World War. The main combatants were the four divisions of the Canadian Corps in the First Army, against three divisions of the German 6th Army. The battle began the Battle of Arras and was the first attack of the Nivelle Offensive.Source: Wikidata (country)
  120. 1917Nivelle offensiveFranceThe Nivelle offensive (16 April – 9 May 1917) was a Franco-British operation on the Western Front in the First World War that led to mutinies in the French Army. The offensive was named after General Robert Nivelle, the commander-in-chief of the French metropolitan armies.Source: Wikidata (country)
  121. 1917Second Battle of the AisneSoissonsThe Second Battle of the Aisne (Bataille du Chemin des Dames or Seconde bataille de l'Aisne, 16 April – mid-May 1917) was the main part of the Nivelle Offensive, a Franco-British attempt to inflict a decisive defeat on the German armies in France.Source: Wikidata (country)
  122. 1918Armistice of 11 November 1918CompiègneThe Armistice of 11 November 1918 was the armistice that ended fighting on land, at sea, and in the air in World War I between the Entente and their last remaining opponent, Germany. It was signed in a railroad car in the Compiègne Forest, near the town of Compiègne. Previous armistices had been agreed with Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary.Source: Wikidata (country)
  123. 1918Battle of AmiensAmiensThe Battle of Amiens, also known as the Third Battle of Picardy, was the opening phase of the Allied offensive which began on 8 August 1918, later known as the Hundred Days Offensive, which ultimately led to the end of World War I.Source: Wikidata (country)
  124. 1918Battle of Belleau WoodBelleauThe Battle of Belleau Wood (1–26 June 1918) was a major battle that occurred during the German spring offensive in World War I, near the Marne River in France. The battle was fought by the U.S. 2nd (under the command of Major General Omar Bundy) and 3rd Divisions along with French and British forces against an assortment of German units including elements from the 237th, 10th, 197th, 87th, and 28th Divisions.Source: Wikidata (country)
  125. 1918Battle of Saint-MihielSaint-MihielThe Battle of Saint-Mihiel was a major World War I battle fought from 12 to 16 September 1918, involving the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) and 110,000 French troops under the command of General John J. Pershing of the United States against German positions. The U.S. Army Air Service played a significant role in this action.Source: Wikidata (country)
  126. 1918German spring offensiveWest FlandersThe German spring offensive, also known as Kaiserschlacht ("Emperor's Battle") or the Ludendorff offensive, was a series of German attacks along the Western Front during the First World War, beginning on 21 March 1918.Source: Wikidata (country)
  127. 1918Hundred Days OffensivePéronneThe Hundred Days Offensive (8 August to 11 November 1918) was a series of massive Allied offensives that ended the First World War. Beginning with the Battle of Amiens (8–12 August) on the Western Front, the Allies pushed the Imperial German Army back, undoing its gains from the German spring offensive (21 March – 18 July).Source: Wikidata (country)
  128. 1918Meuse–Argonne offensiveGrand EstThe Meuse–Argonne offensive (also known as the Meuse River–Argonne Forest offensive, the Battles of the Meuse–Argonne, and the Meuse–Argonne campaign) was a major part of the final Allied offensive of World War I that stretched along the entire Western Front. It was fought from September 26, 1918, until the Armistice of November 11, 1918, a total of 47 days.Source: Wikidata (country)
  129. 1918Operation MichaelHauts-de-FranceOperation Michael (German: Unternehmen Michael) was a major German military offensive during World War I that began the German spring offensive on 21 March 1918. It was launched from the Hindenburg Line, in the vicinity of Saint-Quentin, France.Source: Wikidata (country)
  130. 1918Second Battle of the MarneMarne basinThe Second Battle of the Marne (French: Seconde Bataille de la Marne; 15 – 18 July 1918) was the last major German offensive on the Western Front during the First World War. The attack failed when an Allied counterattack, led by French forces and supported by several hundred Renault FT tanks, overwhelmed the Germans on their right flank, inflicting severe casualties.Source: Wikidata (country)
  131. 1918Third Battle of the AisneAisneThe Third Battle of the Aisne (French: 3e Bataille de l'Aisne) was part of the German spring offensive during World War I that focused on capturing the Chemin des Dames Ridge before the American Expeditionary Forces arrived completely in France. It was one of a series of offensives, known as the Kaiserschlacht, launched by the Germans in the spring and summer of 1918.Source: Wikidata (country)
  132. 1919 – 1920Paris Peace ConferenceParisThe Paris Peace Conference was a set of formal and informal diplomatic meetings in 1919 and 1920 after the end of World War I, in which the victorious Allies set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers.Source: Wikidata (country)
  133. 1920Treaty of VersaillesHall of MirrorsThe Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty signed on 28 June 1919. As the most important treaty of World War I, it ended the state of war between Germany and most of the Allied Powers. It was signed in the Palace of Versailles, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the proximate cause of the war. The other Central Powers on the German side signed separate treaties.Source: Wikidata (country)
  134. 1920Treaty of SèvresSèvresThe Treaty of Sèvres (French: Traité de Sèvres) was a 1920 treaty signed between some of the Allies of World War I and the Ottoman Empire, but not ratified. The treaty would have required the cession of large parts of Ottoman territory to France, the United Kingdom, Greece, and Italy, as well as creating large occupation zones within the Ottoman Empire.Source: Wikidata (country)
  135. 1920Svalbard TreatyParisThe Svalbard Treaty (originally the Spitsbergen Treaty) recognises the sovereignty of Norway over the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard, at the time called Spitsbergen. The exercise of sovereignty is, however, subject to certain stipulations, and not all Norwegian law applies. The treaty restricts military uses of the archipelago, but it is not demilitarized.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  136. 1929Kellogg–Briand PactParisThe Kellogg–Briand Pact or Pact of Paris (officially the General Treaty for Renunciation of War as an Instrument of National Policy) is a 1928 international agreement on peace in which signatory states promised not to use war to resolve "disputes or conflicts of whatever nature or of whatever origin they may be, which may arise among them".Source: Wikidata (country)
  137. 1930London Naval TreatyLondonThe London Naval Treaty, officially the Treaty for the Limitation and Reduction of Naval Armament, was an agreement between the United Kingdom, Japan, France, Italy, and the United States that was signed on 22 April 1930.Source: Wikidata (country)
  138. 1935Franco-Italian Agreement of 1935RomeThe Franco-Italian Agreements (often called Mussolini-Laval Accord) were signed in Rome by both French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval and Italian Prime Minister Benito Mussolini on 7 January 1935.Source: Wikidata (country)
  139. 1935Franco-Soviet Treaty of Mutual AssistanceParisThe Franco-Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance was a 1935 bilateral treaty between France and the Soviet Union with the aim of enveloping Nazi Germany and reducing the military threat from Central Europe. It was pursued by Maxim Litvinov, the Soviet foreign minister, and Louis Barthou, the French foreign minister, who was accidentally killed in October 1934, before negotiations had been finished.Source: Wikidata (country)
  140. 19381938 FIFA World CupStade de la MeinauThe 1938 FIFA World Cup was the 3rd edition of the World Cup, the quadrennial international football championship for senior men's national teams. It was held in France from 4 to 19 June 1938. Italy defended its title in the final, beating Hungary 4–2. Italy's 1934 and 1938 teams hold the distinction of being the only men's national team to win the World Cup multiple times under the same coach, Vittorio Pozzo.Source: Wikidata (country)
  141. 1938Évian ConferenceÉvian-les-BainsThe Évian Conference was convened 6–15 July 1938 at Évian-les-Bains, France, to address the problem of German and Austrian Jewish refugees wishing to flee persecution by Nazi Germany. It was the initiative of United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt who perhaps hoped to obtain commitments from some of the invited nations to accept more refugees, although he took pains to avoid stating that objective expressly.Source: Wikidata (country)
  142. 1939 – 1940Phoney WarSiegfried LineThe Phoney War was an eight-month period at the outset of World War II, lasting from September 1939 to May 1940, during which there were virtually no major Allied military land operations on the Western Front.Source: Wikidata (country)
  143. 1940Battle of DunkirkDunkirkThe Battle of Dunkirk (French: Bataille de Dunkerque) was fought around the French port of Dunkirk (Dunkerque) during the Second World War, between the Allies and Nazi Germany. As the Allies were losing the Battle of France on the Western Front, the Battle of Dunkirk was the defence and evacuation of British and other Allied forces to Britain from 26 May to 4 June 1940.Source: Wikidata (country)
  144. 1940Battle of FranceLuxembourgThe Battle of France (French: Bataille de France; 10 May – 25 June 1940), also known as the Fall of France, was the German invasion of the Low Countries (Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands) and France during the Second World War. The plan for the invasion of the Low Countries and France was called Fall Gelb (Case Yellow or the Manstein plan).Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  145. 1940Dunkirk evacuationDunkirkIn the Dunkirk evacuation, codenamed Operation Dynamo and also known as the Miracle of Dunkirk, or just Dunkirk, more than 338,000 Allied soldiers were evacuated during the Second World War from the beaches and harbour of Dunkirk in northern France between 26 May and 4 June 1940.Source: Wikidata (country)
  146. 1940Armistice of 22 June 1940Forest of CompiègneThe Armistice of 22 June 1940 (French: Armistice du 22 juin 1940; German: Waffenstillstand vom 22. Juni), sometimes referred to as the Second Armistice at Compiègne, was an agreement signed at 18:36 on 22 June 1940 near Compiègne, France, by officials of Nazi Germany and the French Third Republic. It became effective at midnight on 25 June.Source: Wikidata (country)
  147. 1940Attack on Mers-el-KébirMers El KebirThe attack on Mers-el-Kébir (Battle of Mers-el-Kébir) on 3 July 1940, during the Second World War, was a British naval attack on French Navy ships at the naval base at Mers El Kébir, near Oran, on the coast of French Algeria.Source: Wikidata (country)
  148. 1940Battle of ArrasArrasThe Battle of Arras took place on 21 May 1940, during the Battle of France in the Second World War. Following the German invasion of the Low Countries on 10 May, French and British forces advanced into Belgium. The German campaign plan Fall Gelb (Case Yellow) had evolved into a decoy operation in the Netherlands and Belgium, with the main effort through the Ardennes.Source: Wikidata (country)
  149. 1940Battle of SedanSedanThe Battle of Sedan or Second Battle of Sedan (12–15 May 1940) took place in World War II during the Battle of France in 1940. It was part of the German Wehrmacht's operational plan codenamed Fall Gelb (Case Yellow) for an offensive through the hilly and forested Ardennes to encircle the Allied armies in Belgium and north-eastern France.Source: Wikidata (country)
  150. 1940 – 1941Franco-Thai WarFrench IndochinaThe Franco-Thai War (October 1940 – 28 January 1941, Thai: กรณีพิพาทอินโดจีน, romanized: Karani Phiphat Indochin; French: Guerre franco-thaïlandaise) was fought between Thailand and Vichy France over certain areas of French Indochina.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  151. 1940Siege of LilleLilleThe siege of Lille or Lille pocket (28–31 May 1940) took place during the Battle of France in the Second World War. The siege of the French IV Corps and V Corps (about 40,000 men) of the First Army (General René Prioux) was conducted by four German infantry divisions supported by three panzer divisions.Source: Wikidata (country)
  152. 1942Case AntonSouthern FranceCase Anton (German: Unternehmen Anton) was the military occupation of Vichy France carried out by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy in November 1942. It marked the end of the Vichy regime as a nominally independent state and the disbanding of its army (the severely-limited Armistice Army), but it continued its existence as a puppet government within occupied France.Source: Wikidata (country)
  153. 1942Dieppe RaidDieppeOperation Jubilee or the Dieppe Raid (19 August 1942) was an Allied amphibious attack on the German-occupied port of Dieppe in northern France, during the Second World War. Over 6,050 infantry, predominantly Canadian, supported by a Canadian tank regiment, were landed by a Royal Navy task force under cover of the Royal Air Force and Royal Canadian Air Force.Source: Wikidata (country)
  154. 1942Operation BitingSaint-Jouin-BrunevalOperation Biting, also known as the Bruneval Raid, was a British Combined Operations raid on a German coastal radar installation at Bruneval in northern France, during the Second World War, on the night of 27–28 February 1942.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  155. 1942Scuttling of the French fleet at ToulonToulonThe scuttling of the French fleet at Toulon was orchestrated by Vichy France on 27 November 1942 to prevent Nazi German forces from seizing it. After the Allied invasion of North Africa, the Germans invaded the territory administered by Vichy under the Armistice of 1940.Source: Wikidata (country)
  156. 1942St Nazaire RaidSaint-NazaireThe St Nazaire Raid or Operation Chariot was a British amphibious attack on the heavily defended Normandie dry dock at St Nazaire in German-occupied France during the Second World War. The operation was undertaken by the Royal Navy (RN) and British Commandos under the auspices of Combined Operations Headquarters on 28 March 1942.Source: Wikidata (country)
  157. 1944 – 1945Battle of the BulgeArdennesThe Battle of the Bulge, also known as the Ardennes Offensive and referred to by the Germans as Unternehmen Wacht am Rhein (transl. Operation Watch on the Rhine), was an offensive campaign on the Western Front during the Second World War, taking place from 16 December 1944 to 25 January 1945.Source: Wikidata (country)
  158. 1944Liberation of ParisParisThe Liberation of Paris (French: Libération de Paris) was a battle that took place during World War II from 19 August 1944 until the German garrison surrendered the French capital on 25 August 1944. Paris had been occupied by Nazi Germany since the signing of the Armistice of 22 June 1940, after which the Wehrmacht occupied northern and western France.Source: Wikidata (country)
  159. 1944Normandy landingsNormandyThe Normandy landings were the landing operations and associated airborne operations on 6 June 1944 of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during the Second World War. Codenamed Operation Neptune and often referred to as D-Day (after the military term), it is the largest seaborne invasion in history.Source: Wikidata (country)
  160. 1944Operation OverlordNormandyOperation Overlord was the codename for the Battle of Normandy, the Allied operation that launched the successful invasion of German-occupied Western Europe during World War II. The operation was launched on 6 June 1944 (D-Day) with the Normandy landings (Operation Neptune). A 1,200-plane airborne assault preceded an amphibious assault involving more than 5,000 vessels.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  161. 1944Battle for CaenCaenThe Battle for Caen (June to August 1944) was a military engagement between the British Second Army and the German Panzergruppe West in the Second World War for control of the city of Caen and its vicinity during the Battle of Normandy. Caen is about 9 mi (14 km) inland from the Calvados coast astride the Orne River and Caen Canal, at the junction of several roads and railways.Source: Wikidata (country)
  162. 1944Battle of CherbourgCherbourgThe Battle of Cherbourg was part of the Battle of Normandy during World War II. It was fought immediately after the successful Allied landings on 6 June 1944. Allied troops, mainly American, isolated and captured the fortified port, which was considered vital to the campaign in Western Europe, in a hard-fought, month-long campaign.Source: Wikidata (country)
  163. 1944Battle of the ScheldtScheldtThe Battle of the Scheldt in World War II was a series of military operations to open up the Scheldt river between Antwerp and the North Sea for shipping, so that Antwerp's port could be used to supply the Allies in north-west Europe. The operations were carried out by the First Canadian Army, with assistance from Polish and British units which had been attached.Source: Wikidata (country)
  164. 1944Battle of Villers-BocageVillers-BocageThe Battle of Villers-Bocage took place during the Second World War on 13 June 1944, one week after the Normandy landings, which had begun the Western Allies' conquest of German-occupied France. The battle was the result of a British attempt to exploit a gap in the German defences west of the city of Caen.Source: Wikidata (country)
  165. 1944 – 1945Colmar PocketColmarThe Colmar Pocket (French: Poche de Colmar; German: Brückenkopf Elsass) was the area held in central Alsace, France, by the German Nineteenth Army from November 1944 to February 1945, against the U.S. 6th Army Group (6th AG) during World War II. It was formed when 6th AG liberated southern and northern Alsace and adjacent eastern Lorraine, but could not clear central Alsace.Source: Wikidata (country)
  166. 1944Falaise pocketNormandyThe Falaise pocket or battle of the Falaise pocket (German: Kessel von Falaise; 12–21 August 1944) was the decisive engagement of the Battle of Normandy in the Second World War. Allied forces formed a pocket around Falaise, Calvados, in which German Army Group B, consisting of the 7th Army and the Fifth Panzer Army (formerly Panzergruppe West), were encircled by the Western Allies.Source: Wikidata (country)
  167. 1944Operation CobraCotentin PeninsulaOperation Cobra was an offensive launched by the First United States Army under Lieutenant General Omar Bradley seven weeks after the D-Day landings, during the Normandy campaign of World War II.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  168. 1944Operation GoodwoodNormandyOperation Goodwood was a British offensive during the Second World War, which took place between 18 and 20 July 1944 as part of the larger battle for Caen in Normandy, France. The objective of the operation was a limited attack to the south, from the Orne bridgehead, to capture the rest of Caen and the Bourguébus Ridge beyond.Source: Wikidata (country)
  169. 1944Operation LüttichMortainOperation Lüttich (7–13 August 1944) was the codename of the Nazi German counter-attack during the Operation Overlord, which occurred near U.S. positions near Mortain, in northwestern France. Lüttich is the German name for the city of Liège, Belgium.Source: Wikidata (country)
  170. 1944 – 1945Operation NorthwindAlsaceOperation Northwind (German: Unternehmen Nordwind) was the last major German offensive of World War II on the Western Front. Northwind was launched to support the German Ardennes offensive campaign in the Battle of the Bulge, which by late December 1944 had decisively turned against the German forces.Source: Wikidata (country)
  171. 1944Operation TongaCaenOperation Tonga was the codename given to the airborne operation undertaken by the British 6th Airborne Division between 5 June and 7 June 1944 as a part of Operation Overlord and the D-Day landings during the Second World War.Source: Wikidata (country)
  172. 1945Japanese coup d'état in French IndochinaFrench IndochinaThe Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina, known as Meigō Sakusen (明号作戦, Operation Bright Moon; Chiến dịch Giăng Sáng), was a Japanese operation that took place on 9 March 1945, towards the end of World War II. With Japanese forces losing the war and the threat of an Allied invasion of Indochina imminent, the Japanese were concerned about an uprising against them by French colonial forces.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  173. 1945Sétif and Guelma massacreFranceThe Sétif and Guelma massacre (also called the Sétif, Guelma and Kherrata massacres or the massacres of 8 May 1945) was a series of massacres by French colonial authorities and pied-noir European settler militias on Algerian civilians in May and June 1945 around the towns of Sétif and Guelma in French Algeria.Source: Wikidata (country)
  174. 1946 – 1954First Indochina WarFrench IndochinaThe First Indochina War, known alternatively as the French Indochina War, was fought in French Indochina between the French Union and the Viet Minh and their respective allies, from 19 December 1946 until 11 August 1954. Most of the engagements of this conflict occurred in Vietnam.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  175. 1947 – 1997Treaty of DunkirkDunkirkThe Treaty of Dunkirk was signed on 4 March 1947, between France and the United Kingdom at Dunkirk in France, as a Treaty of Alliance and Mutual Assistance against a possible German attack in the aftermath of World War II. It entered into force on 8 September 1947 and according with article VI paragraph 2 of its text, it remained in force for a period of fifty years.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  176. 1954Bonn–Paris conventionsParisThe Bonn–Paris conventions were signed in May 1952 and came into force after the 1955 ratification. The conventions put an end to the Allied occupation of West Germany.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  177. 19611961 Paris massacreParisThe 1961 Paris massacre (also called the 17 October 1961 massacre in France) was the mass killing of Algerians who were living in Paris by the French National Police. It occurred on 17 October 1961, during the Algerian War (1954–62). Under orders from the head of the Parisian police, Maurice Papon, the National Police attacked a demonstration by 30,000 pro-National Liberation Front (FLN) Algerians.Source: Wikidata (country)
  178. 1961Algiers putsch of 1961French AlgeriaThe Algiers putsch (Arabic: انقلاب 1961 في الجزائر; French: Putsch d'Alger or Coup d'État d'Alger), also known as the putsch of the generals (Putsch des généraux), was a failed coup d'état intended to force French President Charles de Gaulle not to abandon French Algeria, the resident European community and pro-French Algerians.Source: Wikidata (country)
  179. 1962Évian AccordsÉvian-les-BainsThe Évian Accords were a set of declarations between the French Government and the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic on 18 March 1962 in Évian-les-Bains which outlined the agreements for Algeria's Independence alongside cooperation with France. The Accords consisted of five chapters which detailed the guarantees and principals of this Independence.Source: Wikidata (country)
  180. 1963Élysée TreatyÉlysée PalaceThe Élysée Treaty was a treaty of friendship between France and West Germany, signed by President Charles de Gaulle and Chancellor Konrad Adenauer on 22 January 1963 at the Élysée Palace in Paris. With the signing of this treaty, Germany and France established a new foundation for relations, bringing an end to centuries of French–German enmity and wars.Source: Wikidata (country)
  181. 1973Paris Peace AccordsParisThe Paris Peace Accords (Vietnamese: Hiệp định Paris về Việt Nam, lit. 'Paris Treaty about Vietnam'), officially the Agreement on ending the war and restoring peace in Viet-Nam (Hiệp định về chấm dứt chiến tranh, lập lại hòa bình ở Việt Nam), was a peace agreement signed on 27 January 1973 to establish peace in Vietnam and end the Vietnam War. It included a main treaty and accompanying annexes.Source: Wikidata (country)
  182. 1982Fête de la MusiqueFranceThe Fête de la Musique (French pronunciation: [fɛt d(ə) la myzik]), also known in English as Music Day, Make Music Day, or World Music Day, is an annual music celebration which usually takes place in mid-June. On Music Day, citizens and residents are urged to play music outside, in their neighborhoods or in public spaces and parks. Free concerts are also organized, where musicians play for fun.Source: Wikidata (country)
  183. 1990Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in EuropeParisThe original Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) was negotiated and concluded during the last years of the Cold War and established comprehensive limits on key categories of conventional military equipment in Europe (from the Atlantic to the Urals) and mandated the destruction of excess weaponry.Source: Wikidata (country)
  184. 19981998 FIFA World CupStade VélodromeThe 1998 FIFA World Cup was the 16th FIFA World Cup, the football world championship for men's national teams. The finals tournament was held in France from 10 June to 12 July 1998. The country was chosen as the host nation by FIFA for the second time in the history of the tournament (the first was in 1938), defeating Morocco in the bidding process. It was the ninth time that it was held in Europe.Source: Wikidata (country)
  185. 20042004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunamiIndonesiaOn 26 December 2004, at 07:58:53 local time (UTC+7), a Mw 9.2–9.3 earthquake struck with its epicenter off the west coast of Aceh, in northern Sumatra, Indonesia. The undersea megathrust earthquake, known in the scientific community as the Sumatra–Andaman earthquake, was caused by a rupture along the fault boundary between the Burma plate and the Indian plate, and reached a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX in some…Source: Wikidata (country)
  186. 2006Anti-Counterfeiting Trade AgreementTokyoThe Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) is a multilateral treaty for the purpose of establishing international standards for intellectual property rights enforcement that did not enter into force.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  187. 20112011 Germany E. coli O104:H4 outbreakGermanyA novel strain of Escherichia coli O104:H4 bacteria caused a serious outbreak of foodborne illness focused in northern Germany in May through June 2011. The illness was characterized by bloody diarrhea, with a high frequency of serious complications, including hemolytic–uremic syndrome (HUS), a condition that requires urgent treatment.Source: Wikidata (country)
  188. 2013 – 2014Operation ServalMaliOperation Serval (French: Opération Serval) was a French military operation to oust Islamist militants from the north of Mali, who had begun a push into the center of the country.Source: Wikidata (country)
  189. 2014 – 2022Operation BarkhaneSahelOperation Barkhane (French: Opération Barkhane) was a counterinsurgency operation that started on 1 August 2014 and formally ended on 9 November 2022. It was led by the French military against Islamist groups in Africa's Sahel region and consisted of a roughly 3,000-strong French force, which was permanently headquartered in N'Djamena, the capital of Chad.Source: Wikidata (country)
  190. 2015Paris AgreementParisThe Paris Agreement (also called the Paris Accords or Paris Climate Accords) is an international treaty on climate change that was signed in 2016. The treaty covers climate change mitigation, adaptation, and finance. The Paris Agreement was negotiated by 196 parties at the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference near Paris, France.Source: Wikidata (country)
  191. 2015Charlie Hebdo shooting10, Rue Nicolas-AppertOn 7 January 2015, at about 11:30 a.m. in Paris, France, the employees of the French satirical weekly magazine Charlie Hebdo were targeted in a terrorist shooting attack by two French-born Algerian Muslim brothers, Saïd and Chérif Kouachi.Source: Wikidata (country)
  192. 20162016 Nice truck attackPromenade des AnglaisOn the evening of 14 July 2016, a 19-tonne cargo truck was deliberately driven into crowds of people celebrating Bastille Day on the Promenade des Anglais in Nice, France, resulting in the deaths of 86 people and injuring 458 others. The driver was Mohamed Lahouaiej-Bouhlel, a Tunisian living in France. The attack ended following an exchange of gunfire, during which he was shot and killed by police.Source: Wikidata (country)
  193. 2018Yellow vests protestsFranceThe yellow vest movement (French: Mouvement des gilets jaunes, pronounced [muvmɑ̃ de ʒilɛ ʒon]) refers to those involved in a series of populist, grassroots weekly protests in France that began on 17 November 2018 and ended on 28 June 2020.Source: Wikidata (country)
  194. 2020COVID-19 pandemicWorldwideA new coronavirus spreads worldwide. Lockdowns, remote work and fast-developed vaccines reshape daily life.Source: Wikidata (country)
  195. 20202020 Nice stabbingNotre-Dame de NiceOn the morning of 29 October 2020, three people were killed in a stabbing attack at Notre-Dame de Nice, a Catholic basilica in Nice, France. The attacker, Tunisian man Brahim Aouissaoui, was shot by the police and taken into custody. He was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment in 2025.Source: Wikidata (country)
  196. c. 2020Gen Z protestsworldDuring the 2020s, members of Generation Z have participated in youth-led protests. The 2024 protests in Bangladesh are widely cited as the first successful Gen Z revolution, inspiring other Gen Z–led protests, including those in Nepal, Indonesia, Philippines, Timor-Leste, Maldives, Mongolia, Madagascar, Morocco, Serbia, India, Albania, South Korea, Taiwan, and Japan.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  197. 2020Murder of Samuel PatyConflans-Sainte-HonorineOn 16 October 2020, Samuel Paty (French: [samɥɛl pati]), a French secondary school teacher, was attacked and killed in Éragny, Val-d'Oise, Île-de-France, France, by an Islamic terrorist.Source: Wikidata (country)
  198. 20212021 European floodsEuropeIn July 2021, several European countries were affected by severe floods. Some were catastrophic, causing deaths and widespread damage. The floods started in the United Kingdom as flash floods causing some property damage and inconvenience. Later floods affected several river basins across Europe including Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Switzerland.Source: Wikidata (country)
  199. 20242024 Summer OlympicsParisThe 2024 Summer Olympics (French: Les Jeux Olympiques d'été de 2024), officially the Games of the XXXIII Olympiad (French: Jeux de la XXXIIIe olympiade de l'ère moderne) and branded as Paris 2024, were an international multi-sport event held in France from 26 July to 11 August 2024, with several events starting from 24 July.Source: Wikidata (country)
  200. 20252025 Iberian Peninsula blackoutIberian PeninsulaOn Monday, 28 April 2025, at 12:33 CEST (11:33 WEST; 10:33 UTC), a major power blackout occurred across the Iberian Peninsula affecting mainland Portugal and peninsular Spain, where electric power was interrupted for about ten hours in most of the Peninsula and longer in some areas.Source: Wikidata (country)