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Afghanistan

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Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the east and south, Iran to the west, Turkmenistan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, Tajikistan to the northeast, and China to the northeast and east. Occupying 652,864 square kilometers (252,072 sq mi) of land, the country is predominantly mountainous with plains in the north and the southwest, which are separated by the Hindu Kush mountain range. Kabul is the country's capital and largest city.

Text from the Wikipedia article Afghanistan, CC BY-SA 4.0

Built from Wikidata: an event or person is listed when Wikidata links them to this page, as shown next to each one. Many aren’t recorded there, so this list is incomplete.

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  1. 1221Battle of ParwanParwan ProvinceThe Battle of Parwan was fought between Sultan Jalal al-Din Mangburni of the Khwarazmian Empire and the Mongols ruled by Genghis Khan in September 1221 AD during the Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire at Parwan, north of Kabul, in present-day Afghanistan.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  2. 1649 – 1653Mughal–Safavid warAfghanistanThe Mughal–Safavid war of 1649–1653 was fought between the Mughal and Safavid empires in the territory of modern Afghanistan. While the Mughals were at war with the Janid Uzbeks, the Safavid army captured the fortress city of Kandahar and other strategic cities that controlled the region. The Mughals attempted to regain the city, but their efforts were proven unsuccessful.Source: Wikidata (country)
  3. 1839 – 1842First Anglo-Afghan WarAfghanistanThe First Anglo-Afghan War was fought between the Durranis backed by the British Empire and the Sikh Empire, and the Barakzais of Kabul and Kandahar, alongside their regional allies, from 1838 to 1842. The British intervened in a succession dispute stemming from the Durrani succession struggle and backed former king Shuja Shah Durrani, whom they restored to the throne after occupying Kabul in August 1839.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  4. 1878 – 1880Second Anglo-Afghan WarEmirate of AfghanistanThe Second Anglo-Afghan War was a military conflict fought between the British Raj and the Emirate of Afghanistan from 1878 to 1880, when the latter was ruled by Sher Ali Khan of the Barakzai dynasty, the son of former Emir Dost Mohammad Khan. The war was part of the Great Game between the British and Russian empires.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  5. 1879Treaty of GandamakJalalabadThe Treaty of Gandamak officially ended the first phase of the Second Anglo-Afghan War. The Afghan emir Mohammad Yaqub Khan ceded various frontier areas as well as Afghanistan's control of its foreign affairs to the British Raj.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  6. 1880Battle of MaiwandMaiwandThe Battle of Maiwand was fought on 27 July 1880 during the Second Anglo-Afghan War. Fought near the village of Maiwand in Kandahar Province, the battle resulted in an Afghan army of 25,000 regulars and irregulars under Mohammad Ayub Khan defeating a force of 2,476 British and Indian troops under Brigadier-general George Burrows.Source: Wikidata (country)
  7. 1939 – 1945World War IIWorldwideThe deadliest conflict in history, fought between the Allies and the Axis powers. It ends with the surrender of Germany and Japan in 1945.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  8. 19731973 Afghan coup d'étatKabulThe 1973 Afghan coup d'état, locally known as the Coup of 26 Saratan, The National Revolution and self-proclaimed as the Revolution of 26 Saratan 1352, was led by Army General and prince Mohammad Daoud Khan against his cousin, King Mohammad Zahir Shah, on 17 July 1973, which resulted in the establishment of the Republic of Afghanistan under a one-party system led by Daoud Khan.Source: Wikidata (country)
  9. 1978Saur RevolutionAfghanistanThe Saur Revolution, also known as the April Revolution or the April Coup, was a violent coup d'état and uprising staged on 27 and 28 April 1978 by the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA), which overthrew Afghan president Mohammad Daoud Khan, who had himself taken power in the 1973 Afghan coup d'état and established an autocratic one-party system in the country.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  10. 1979 – 1989Operation CycloneUnited StatesOperation Cyclone was the code name for the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) program to arm and finance the Afghan mujahideen in Afghanistan from 1979 to 1992, prior to and during the military intervention by the Soviet Union in support of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. The mujahideen were also supported by Britain's MI6, who conducted their own separate covert actions.Source: Wikidata (country)
  11. 1979Operation Storm-333Tajbeg PalaceOperation Storm-333 (Russian: Шторм-333, Shtorm-333) was a military raid executed by the Soviet Union in Afghanistan on 27 December 1979. Special forces and airborne troops stormed the heavily fortified Tajbeg Palace in Kabul and assassinated Afghan leader Hafizullah Amin, a Khalqist of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) who had taken power in the Saur Revolution of April 1978.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  12. 1980 – 1985Panjshir offensivesPanjshir ValleyThe Panjshir offensives (Russian: Панджшерские операции – Panjsher Operations) were a series of battles from 1980 to 1985 between the Soviet Army, the Afghan Armed Forces and groups of Afghan mujahideen under Ahmad Shah Massoud. The goal of these offensives was control of the strategic Panjshir Valley in Afghanistan, during the Soviet–Afghan War of the 1980s.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  13. 1988Battle for Hill 3234Afghanistan–Pakistan borderThe Battle for Hill 3234 (Russian: Бой у высоты 3234, romanized: Boy u vysoty 3234) was a successful attack battle fought by the 9th Company of the 345th Independent Guards Airborne Regiment, Soviet Airborne Troops, part of Operation Magistral, supported by the Afghan Army's 15th Tank Brigade, 8th, 11th, 12th, 214th, 25th Infantry Division and the 37th Commando Battalion, in Afghanistan against a force of some 250…Source: Wikidata (country)
  14. 2001 – 2021War in AfghanistanAfghanistanThe war in Afghanistan was a prolonged armed conflict from 2001 to 2021. It began with an invasion by a United States–led coalition under the name Operation Enduring Freedom in response to the September 11 attacks (9/11) carried out by the Taliban-allied and Afghanistan-based al-Qaeda.Source: Wikidata (country)
  15. 2001Battle of Qala-i-JangiQala-i-JangiThe Battle of Qala-i-Jangi in Afghanistan (sometimes also referred to as the "Battle of Mazar-i-Sharif") was a six-day military engagement following an uprising of prisoners of war who had been taken into custody by U.S.-led coalition forces on 25 November 2001. The battle took place from 25 November to 1 December, in northern Afghanistan.Source: Wikidata (country)
  16. 2001Battle of Tora BoraPachir Aw AgamThe Battle of Tora Bora occurred from 30 November to 17 December 2001, as part of the United States invasion of Afghanistan during the war in Afghanistan. It took place around the cave complex of Tora Bora in the Safed Koh mountain range, near Afghanistan's eastern border with Pakistan.Source: Wikidata (country)
  17. 2001Fall of KabulKabulKabul, capital of Afghanistan, fell in November 2001 to the Northern Alliance forces during the war in Afghanistan. Northern Alliance forces began their attack on the city on 13 November and made swift progress against Taliban and al-Qaeda forces that were heavily weakened by American and British air strikes.Source: Wikidata (country)
  18. 2001Fall of Mazar-i-SharifMazar-i-SharifThe fall of Mazar-i-Sharif (or Mazar-e-Sharif) in November 2001 resulted from the first major offensive of the Afghanistan War after American intervention. A push into the city of Mazar-i-Sharif in Balkh Province by the United Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan (Northern Alliance), combined with U.S.Source: Wikidata (country)
  19. 2001 – 2014Operation Enduring FreedomIslamic Republic of AfghanistanOperation Enduring Freedom (OEF) was the official name used by the U.S. government for both the first stage (2001–2014) of the war in Afghanistan (2001–2021) and related military operations during the broader-scale global war on terrorism. On 7 October 2001, in response to the September 11 attacks, President George W. Bush announced that airstrikes against al-Qaeda and the Taliban had begun in Afghanistan.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  20. 2002Operation AnacondaShah-i-Kot ValleyOperation Anaconda or the Battle of Shah-i-Kot was a military operation that took place in early March 2002 as part of the war in Afghanistan. CIA paramilitary officers, working with their allies, attempted to destroy al-Qaeda and Taliban forces. The operation took place in the Shah-i-Kot Valley and Arma Mountains southeast of Zormat.Source: Wikidata (country)
  21. 20052005 Kashmir earthquakeKashmirOn 8 October 2005, at 08:50:39 PKT, a Mw 7.6 earthquake struck the Azad Kashmir region in northern Pakistan. Its epicenter was located in the tehsil of Patikka, near the city of Muzaffarabad. It caused catastrophic damage and tens of thousands of fatalities across Azad Kashmir and northwestern Jammu and Kashmir, India.Source: Wikidata (country)
  22. 2005Operation Red WingsKorangal ValleyOperation Red Wings (often incorrectly referred to as Operation Redwing or Operation Red Wing), informally referred to as the Battle of Abbas Ghar, was a joint military operation conducted by the United States in the Pech District of Kunar Province, Afghanistan.Source: Wikidata (country)
  23. 2007Battle of Musa QalaMusa QalaThe Battle of Musa Qala (also Qaleh or Qal'eh) was a British-led military action in Helmand Province, southern Afghanistan, launched by the Afghan National Army and the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) against the Taliban on 7 December 2007. After three days of intense fighting, the Taliban retreated into the mountains on 10 December.Source: Wikidata (country)
  24. 2007Operation AchillesHelmand ProvinceOperation Achilles was a NATO operation, part of the War in Afghanistan. Its objective was to clear Helmand province of the Taliban. The operation began on March 6, 2007. The offensive is the largest NATO-based operation in Afghanistan to date. NATO officials reported that, contrary to previous operations, Taliban fighters were avoiding direct confrontation in favor of guerilla tactics.Source: Wikidata (country)
  25. 2009Battle of KamdeshKamdeshThe Battle of Kamdesh took place during the War in Afghanistan. It occurred on October 3, 2009, when a force of 300 Taliban assaulted the American Combat Outpost ("COP") Keating near the town of Kamdesh in Nuristan Province in eastern Afghanistan. The attack was the bloodiest battle for US forces since the Battle of Wanat in July 2008, which occurred 20 miles (32 km) away from Kamdesh.Source: Wikidata (country)
  26. 2010Operation MoshtarakMarjahOperation Moshtarak (Dari for Together or Joint), also known as the Battle of Marjah, was an International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) pacification offensive in the town of Marjah, Helmand Province, Afghanistan. It involved a combined total of 15,000 Afghan, American, British, Canadian, Danish, and Estonian troops, constituting the largest joint operation of the War in Afghanistan up to that point.Source: Wikidata (country)
  27. 2012Kandahar massacrePanjwayi DistrictThe Kandahar massacre, also called the Panjwai massacre, was a mass murder that occurred in the early hours of 11 March 2012, when United States Army Staff Sergeant Robert Bales murdered 16 Afghan civilians and wounded six others in the Panjwayi District of Kandahar Province, Afghanistan. Nine of his victims were children, and 11 of the dead were from the same family. Some of the corpses were partially burned.Source: Wikidata (country)
  28. 2015Battle of KunduzKunduzThe Battle of Kunduz took place from April to October 2015 for control of the city of Kunduz, located in northern Afghanistan, with Taliban fighters attempting to seize the city and displace Afghan security forces. On 28 September 2015, the Taliban forces suddenly overran the city, with government forces retreating outside the city.Source: Wikidata (country)
  29. 2015Islamic State–Taliban conflictAfghanistanThe Islamic State is waging an ongoing insurgency against the Taliban regime in Afghanistan. The conflict initially began when both operated as rival insurgent groups in Nangarhar; since the formation of the Taliban's state in 2021, IS members have enacted a campaign of terrorism targeting both civilians and assassinating Taliban members using hit-and-run tactics.Source: Wikidata (country)
  30. 2015Kunduz hospital airstrikeKunduzOn 3 October 2015, a United States Air Force AC-130U gunship attacked the Kunduz Trauma Centre operated by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF, or Doctors Without Borders) in the city of Kunduz, in the eponymous province in northern Afghanistan. 42 people were killed and over 30 were injured. MSF condemned the incident, calling it a deliberate breach of international humanitarian law and a war crime.Source: Wikidata (country)
  31. 2015October 2015 Hindu Kush earthquakeHindu KushThe October 2015 Hindu Kush earthquake was a magnitude 7.5 earthquake that struck South Asia on 26 October 2015, at 13:39 AFT (14:09 PKT; 14:39 IST; 09:09 UTC) with the epicenter 45 km north of Kuran wa Munjan, Afghanistan, at a depth of 231.0 km.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  32. 2016July 2016 Kabul bombingKabulOn 23 July 2016, a twin bombing occurred in the vicinity of Deh Mazang square in Kabul, capital of Afghanistan, when Enlightenment Movement protesters, mostly from the Hazara ethnic group, were marching against a decision to bypass their region in the development of the TUTAP mega power project. At least 97 people were killed and 260 injured.Source: Wikidata (country)
  33. 2017May 2017 Kabul bombingKabulOn 31 May 2017, a truck bomb exploded at a crowded intersection in Kabul, Afghanistan, near the German embassy at about 08:25 local time (03:55 GMT) during rush hour, killing over 150 and injuring 413, mostly civilians, and damaging several buildings in the embassy. The attack was the deadliest terror attack to take place in Kabul.Source: Wikidata (country)
  34. 2018Kabul ambulance bombingKabulOn 27 January 2018, an ambulance was used as a vehicle-borne improvised explosive device near Sidarat Square in Kabul, Afghanistan. At least 103 people were killed and 235 others wounded in the attack. The Taliban claimed responsibility for the attack.Source: Wikidata (country)
  35. 201917 August 2019 Kabul bombingKabulOn 17 August 2019, a suicide bombing took place during a wedding in a wedding hall in Kabul, Afghanistan. At least 92 people were killed in the attack and over 140 injured. The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant claimed responsibility for the bombing, stating that the attack targeted the Shi'ites. More than 1,000 people were gathered for the wedding when the attack took place.Source: Wikidata (country)
  36. 2020COVID-19 pandemicWorldwideA new coronavirus spreads worldwide. Lockdowns, remote work and fast-developed vaccines reshape daily life.Source: Wikidata (country)
  37. 20202020 Kabul gurdwara attackKabulOn 25 March 2020, ISIS gunmen and suicide bombers attacked the Gurdwara Har Rai Sahib (a Sikh shrine) in Kabul, Afghanistan.Source: Wikidata (country)
  38. 20202020 Kabul University attackKabul UniversityOn 2 November 2020, three gunmen stormed the campus of Kabul University in Kabul, under the former Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, killing 32 people and wounding 50 others. The attack began around the time that government officials were expected to arrive at the campus for the opening of an Iranian book fair. The three gunmen were later killed during an exchange of fire with the security forces.Source: Wikidata (country)
  39. 20212021 Taliban offensiveAfghanistanThe Taliban insurgent group and allied militants conducted a military offensive in 2021 that led to the fall of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and the end of the nearly 20-year war in Afghanistan that had begun following the United States invasion of the country. The Taliban victory had widespread domestic and international ramifications regarding human rights and proliferation of terrorism.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  40. 2021Fall of KabulKabulOn 15 August 2021, Afghanistan's capital city of Kabul was captured by the Taliban after a major insurgent offensive that began in May 2021. It was the final action of the War in Afghanistan, and marked a total victory for the Taliban.Source: Wikidata (country)
  41. 20212021 Kabul school bombingDashte BarchiOn 8 May 2021, a car bombing followed by two more improvised explosive device (IED) blasts occurred in front of Sayed al-Shuhada High School in Dashte Barchi, a predominantly Shia Hazara area in western Kabul, Afghanistan, leaving at least 90 people dead and 240 injured. The majority of the casualties were girls between 11 and 15 years old.Source: Wikidata (country)
  42. 20212021 Kunduz mosque bombingKunduzOn 8 October 2021, an ISIS-K suicide bombing occurred at the Shia Gozar-e-Sayed Abad Mosque in the Afghan city of Kunduz. Over 50 people were killed, and another 100 injured, but according to an estimate by the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan, more than 100 people were killed and wounded.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  43. 2022January 2022 Afghanistan earthquakesKheyr KhanehAn earthquake measuring Mw 4.9, followed by a 5.3 Mw mainshock struck Badghis Province, Afghanistan, on January 17, 2022. The earthquake led to a large number of casualties for the tremor's magnitude, with 30 dead and 49 injured. The earthquake destroyed hundreds of homes in northwestern Afghanistan.Source: Wikidata (country)
  44. 2022June 2022 Afghanistan earthquakePaktia ProvinceA 4.0-kilometre (2.5 mi) deep earthquake measuring a magnitude (Mw) of 6.2 struck southeastern Afghanistan on 22 June 2022 at 01:24:36 AFT (on 21 June 2022 at 20:54:36 UTC). The earthquake had a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). There were between 1,052 to 1,163 deaths and 1,627 to 2,976 injured in Afghanistan and Pakistan.Source: Wikidata (country)
  45. 20232023 Badakhshan earthquakeAfghanistanOn 21 March 2023, a magnitude 6.5 earthquake struck Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan, with an intermediate depth of approximately 187 km (116 mi). The epicenter of the earthquake was 40 km (25 mi) south-southeast of Jurm. At least 21 people were killed in Afghanistan and neighboring Pakistan.Source: Wikidata (country)
  46. 20252025 Balkh earthquakeAfghanistanOn 3 November 2025, at 00:59 AFT (20:29 UTC, 2 November), an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.2 on the moment magnitude scale (Mw) struck northern Afghanistan. Around 31 people were killed, 1,172 were injured and many homes collapsed in Balkh and Samangan Provinces.Source: Wikidata (country)
  47. 20252025 Kunar earthquakeAfghanistanOn 31 August 2025, at 23:47 AFT (19:17 UTC), an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.0 on the moment magnitude scale (Mw) struck eastern Afghanistan, near the border with Pakistan. The epicenter of the quake was located in Nurgal District, Kunar Province. It had a hypocenter 8 kilometres (5 miles) beneath the surface, and the shaking had a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent) in Nurgal.Source: Wikidata (country)
  48. 20262026 Afghanistan–Pakistan warDurand LineSince February 2026, Pakistan and Afghanistan have been engaged in the most sustained cross-border conflict between the two countries since the Taliban's 2021 return to power in Afghanistan.Source: Wikidata (country)