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العربية
Country · 1,274 BCE – today

Syria

103 events

Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north and northwest, Iraq to the east and southeast, Jordan to the south, and Israel and Lebanon to the southwest. It is a republic under a provisional government and comprises 14 governorates. Damascus is Syria's capital and largest city. With a population of 26 million across an area of 185,180 square kilometres (71,500 sq mi), it is the 56th-most populous and 87th-largest country.

Text from the Wikipedia article Syria, CC BY-SA 4.0

Built from Wikidata: an event or person is listed when Wikidata links them to this page, as shown next to each one. Many aren’t recorded there, so this list is incomplete.

Showing 3,795 years

Earlier states here

United Arab Republic1889 – 1971

Key people

Everything that happened

  1. 1,274 BCEBattle of KadeshKadeshThe Battle of Kadesh was a major military conflict in the early 13th century BC, between the attacking Ramesses II of the Egyptian Empire and defending Muwatalli II of the Hittite Empire. In the previous year, Ramesses II had invaded the neighboring province of Amurru.Source: Wikidata (country)
  2. 1,237 BCEBattle of NihriyaBalikh RiverThe Battle of Niḫriya was the culminating point of the hostilities between the Hittites and the Assyrians for control over the remnants of the former empire of Mitanni in Upper Mesopotamia, in the second half of the 13th Century BC.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  3. 853 BCEBattle of QarqarTell QarqurThe Battle of Qarqar (or Ḳarḳar) was fought in 853 BC when the army of the Neo-Assyrian Empire led by Emperor Shalmaneser III encountered an allied army of eleven kings at Qarqar led by Hadadezer, called in Assyrian Adad-idir and possibly to be identified with King Benhadad II of Aram-Damascus; and Ahab, king of Israel.Source: Wikidata (country)
  4. 605 BCEBattle of CarchemishCarchemishThe Battle of Carchemish was a battle fought around 605 BCE between the armies of Egypt, allied with the remnants of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, against the armies of Babylonia. The forces would clash at Carchemish, an important military crossing and trade city on the banks of the Euphrates River in modern-day Syria.Source: Wikidata (country)
  5. 38 BCEBattle of Mount GindarusJandairisThe Battle of Mount Gindarus or battle of Cyrrhestica in 38 BC was a decisive victory for the Roman general Publius Ventidius Bassus over the Parthian army of Pacorus, son of King Orodes, in the Greater Syria district of Cyrrhestica.Source: Wikidata (country)
  6. c. 190 CELimes ArabicusSyriaThe Limes Arabicus was a desert frontier of the Roman Empire, running north from its start in the province of Arabia Petraea. It ran northeast from the Gulf of Aqaba for about 1,500 kilometers (930 mi) at its greatest extent, reaching northern Syria and forming part of the wider Roman limes system. It had several forts and watchtowers.Source: Wikidata (country)
  7. 243 CEBattle of ResaenaRhesainaThe Battle of Resaena or Resaina, near present-day Ceylanpınar, Turkey, was fought in 243 between the forces of the Roman Empire, led by the Emperor Gordian III and the Praetorian Prefect Timesitheus against the Sasanian Empire's forces during the reign of Shapur I. The Romans were victorious.Source: Wikidata (country)
  8. 252 CEBattle of BarbalissosBarbalissosThe Battle of Barbalissos was fought between the Sasanians and Romans at Barbalissos. Shapur I used Roman incursions into Armenia as pretext and resumed hostilities with the Romans. The Sasanians attacked a Roman force of 60,000 strong at Barbalissos and the Roman army was destroyed.Source: Wikidata (country)
  9. 272 CEBattle of EmesaHomsThe Battle of Emesa was fought in 272 between the Roman armies led by their emperor Aurelian and the Palmyrene forces led by their empress, Zenobia and general Zabdas.Source: Wikidata (country)
  10. 531 CEBattle of CallinicumNikephorionThe Battle of Callinicum took place on Easter Saturday, 19 April 531, between the Byzantine Empire and Sasanian Empire during the Iberian War.Source: Wikidata (country)
  11. 634 CEBattle of al-QaryataynSyriaBattle of al-Qaryatayn was a minor battle between the Christian Ghassanid Arab allies of the Byzantine Empire, and the Rashidun Caliphate army. It was fought after Khalid ibn al-Walid had conquered Tadmur in Syria. His army marched to al-Qaryatayn, the inhabitants of which resisted the Muslim army. They were fought, defeated and plundered. This resulted in the conquest of Al-Qaryatayn by the Muslim forces.Source: Wikidata (country)
  12. 634 CEBattle of BosraBosraThe Battle of Bosra was fought in 634 CE between the Rashidun Caliphate army and the Byzantine Empire over the possession of the city of Bosra, in Syria. The city was one of the Islamic forces' first significant captures and was at the time the capital of the Ghassanids, Arab vassals of the Byzantines. The siege took place between June and July.Source: Wikidata (country)
  13. 634 CESiege of DamascusDamascusThe siege of Damascus (634) lasted from 21 August to 19 September 634 before the city fell to the Rashidun Caliphate. Damascus was the first major city of the Eastern Roman Empire to fall in the Muslim conquest of Syria.Source: Wikidata (country)
  14. 635 CE – 636 CESiege of EmesaEmesaThe siege of Emesa was laid by the forces of the Rashidun Caliphate from December 635 up until March 636. This led to the Islamic conquest of Emesa, which was a major trading city of the Byzantine Empire in the Levant.Source: Wikidata (country)
  15. 637 CEBattle of HazirQinnasrinThe Battle of Hazir or Ma'arakah al-Haadhir (Arabic: معركة الحاضر) took place between the Byzantine army and the Rashidun army's elite cavalry, the Mobile guard. It took place in June 637, three miles east of Qinnasrin at Al-Hadher in present-day Syria.Source: Wikidata (country)
  16. 637 CESiege of AleppoAleppoThe siege of Aleppo, the Byzantine stronghold and one of the few remaining Byzantine castles in the northern Levant after the decisive Battle of Yarmouk, was laid between August and October 637.Source: Wikidata (country)
  17. 657 CEBattle of SiffinSiffinThe Battle of Siffin (Arabic: معركة صفّين, romanized: Maʿraka Ṣiffīn) was fought in 657 CE (37 AH) between the forces of the fourth Rashidun caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib, and the forces of the Umayyad governor of Syria, Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan. The battle is named after its location Siffin on the banks of the Euphrates river.Source: Wikidata (country)
  18. 684 CEBattle of Marj RahitMarj RahitThe Battle of Marj Rahit (Arabic: يوم مرج راهط, romanized: Yawm Marj Rāhiṭ) was one of the early battles of the Second Fitna. It was fought on 18 August 684 between the Kalb-dominated armies of the Yaman tribal confederation, supporting the Umayyads under Caliph Marwan I, and the Qays under al-Dahhak ibn Qays al-Fihri, who supported the Mecca-based Caliph Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  19. 685 CEBattle of Ayn al-WardaRas al-AynThe Battle of Ayn al-Warda (Arabic: مَعْرَكَة‌ عَيْن ٱلْوَرْدَة) was fought in early January 685 between the Umayyad army and the Penitents (Tawwabin). The Penitents were a group of pro-Alid Kufans led by Sulayman ibn Surad, a companion of Muhammad, who wished to atone for their failure to assist Husayn ibn Ali in his abortive uprising against the Umayyads in 680.Source: Wikidata (country)
  20. 1030Battle of AzazAzazThe Battle of Azaz was an engagement fought in August 1030 near the Syrian town of Azaz between the Byzantine army, led by Emperor Romanos III Argyros (r. 1028–1034) in person, and the forces of the Mirdasid Emirate of Aleppo, likewise under the personal command of Emir Shibl al-Dawla Nasr (r. 1029–1038).Source: Wikidata (country)
  21. 1098Siege of Ma'arraMa'arrat Nu'manThe siege of Ma'arra occurred in late 1098 in the city of Ma'arrat Nu'man, in what is modern-day Syria, during the First Crusade. It is infamous for cannibalism committed by the Crusaders, possibly on a widespread scale.Source: Wikidata (country)
  22. 1111Seljuk campaign on the CrusadersShaizarThe Seljuk campaign on the Crusaders (1111) was a military campaign that took place in Upper Mesopotamia and Levant, led by Mas'ud ibn Muhammed against the Crusaders and their states.Source: Wikidata (country)
  23. 1115Battle of SarminSarminThe Battle of Sarmin, also known as the Battle of Tell Danith, took place on 14 September 1115 with Roger of Salerno's Crusader army surprising and routing the Seljuk Turkish army of Bursuq ibn Bursuq of Hamadan. It is also known as the First Battle of Tell Danith, distinguishing it from the Battle of Hab of 1119, the Second Battle of Tell Danith.Source: Wikidata (country)
  24. 1119Battle of HabBerjhabThe Battle of Hab (Arabic: معركة هاب), also known as the Second Battle of Tell Danith, occurred on 14 August 1119, where a Crusader army commanded by King Baldwin II of Jerusalem won a disputed victory over a Muslim army led by Ilghazi of Mardin since the Muslim army claimed it as a victory also. The battle stabilised the Principality of Antioch, which had suffered a disastrous defeat only weeks before.Source: Wikidata (country)
  25. 1119Battle of the Field of BloodSarmadaBattle of the Field of Blood, also known in Latin as Battle of Ager Sanguinis, and in Arabic as Battle of al-Balat. Was a battle where Roger of Salerno's Crusader army of the Principality of Antioch was annihilated by the army of Ilghazi of Mardin, the Artuqid ruler of Aleppo on 28 June 1119.Source: Wikidata (country)
  26. 1125Battle of AzazAzazThe Battle of Azaz was fought on 11 June 1125 between King Baldwin II of Jerusalem's crusader forces and allied Muslim forces led by Aq-Sunqur al-Bursuqi, the Seljuq atabeg of Mosul. One of the bloodiest confrontations before the Second Crusade, the battle resulted in a decisive victory for the Crusaders, causing disturbances of power in the Levant and weakening Seljuk domination in the area.Source: Wikidata (country)
  27. 1137Battle of Ba'rinBa'rinThe Battle of Ba'rin (also known as Battle of Montferrand) in 1137 took place in Syria when a Crusader force commanded by King Fulk of Jerusalem was scattered and defeated by Zengi, the atabeg of Mosul and Aleppo. This setback resulted in the permanent loss of the Crusader castle of Montferrand in Baarin.Source: Wikidata (country)
  28. 1138Siege of ShaizarShaizarThe city of Shaizar was besieged from April 28 to May 21, 1138. The allied forces of the Byzantine Empire, Principality of Antioch and County of Edessa invaded Muslim Syria. Having been repulsed from their main objective, the city of Aleppo, the combined Christian armies took a number of fortified settlements by assault and finally besieged Shaizar, the capital of the Munqidhite Emirate.Source: Wikidata (country)
  29. 1148Siege of DamascusDamascusThe siege of Damascus took place between 24 and 28 July 1148 O.S. during the Second Crusade. Two Crusader armies from Europe and the army of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem attempted to lay siege to the Seljuk Empire city of Damascus. The effort ended in a Crusader defeat.Source: Wikidata (country)
  30. 1149Battle of InabInabThe Battle of Inab, also called Battle of Ard al-Hâtim or Fons Muratus, was fought on 29 June 1149, during the Second Crusade. The Zengid army of the atabeg Nur al-Din Zengi destroyed the combined army of Prince Raymond of Antioch and the Assassins of Ali ibn-Wafa. The prince was killed, and the Principality of Antioch was subsequently pillaged and reduced in size as its eastern border was pushed west.Source: Wikidata (country)
  31. 1164Battle of HarimHaremThe Battle of Harim (Harenc) was fought on 12 August 1164 at Harim, Syria, between the forces of Nur ad-Din, and a combined army from the County of Tripoli, the Principality of Antioch, the Byzantine Empire, and Armenia. Nur ad-Din won a crushing victory, capturing most of the leaders of the opposing army.Source: Wikidata (country)
  32. 1260First Battle of HomsHomsThe First Battle of Homs was fought in Homs, Syria, on December 10, 1260, between the Ilkhanids and the Muslim alliance of Syria.Source: Wikidata (country)
  33. 1281Second Battle of HomsHomsThe Second Battle of Homs was fought in western Syria on 29 October 1281, between the armies of the Mamluk dynasty of Egypt and the Ilkhanate, a division of the Mongol Empire centered on Iran. The battle was part of Abaqa Khan's attempt at taking Syria from the Egyptians.Source: Wikidata (country)
  34. 1299Battle of Wadi al-KhaznadarHomsThe Battle of Wadi al-Khaznadar, also known as the Third Battle of Homs, was a Mongol victory over the Mamluks in 1299.Source: Wikidata (country)
  35. 1303Battle of Marj al-SaffarGhabaghibThe Battle of Marj al-Saffar (or Marj al-Suffar), also known as the Battle of Shaqhab, took place on April 20 through April 22, 1303 between the Egyptian Mamluks and the Mongols and their Armenian allies near Kiswe, Syria, just south of Damascus.Source: Wikidata (country)
  36. 1400 – 1401Siege of DamascusDamascusThe siege of Damascus (also known as the Sack of Damascus and the Capture of Damascus) was a major event in 1400–01 during the war between the Timurid Empire and the Mamluk Sultanate.Source: Wikidata (country)
  37. 1516Battle of Marj DabiqDabiqThe Battle of Marj Dābiq (Arabic: مرج دابق, meaning "the meadow of Dābiq"; Turkish: Mercidabık Muharebesi), a decisive military engagement in Middle Eastern history, was fought on 24 August 1516, near the town of Dabiq, 44 km north of Aleppo (modern Syria).Source: Wikidata (country)
  38. 1916 – 1918Arab RevoltHejaz VilayetThe Arab Revolt (Arabic: الثورة العربية al-Thawra al-'Arabiyya), also known as the Great Arab Revolt (الثورة العربية الكبرى al-Thawra al-'Arabiyya al-Kubrā), was an armed uprising by the Hashemite-led Arabs of the Hejaz against the Ottoman Empire amidst the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I.Source: Wikidata (country)
  39. 1918Capture of DamascusDamascusThe Capture of Damascus marked a victory of the British and Arab armies in their campaign against the Ottoman empire in the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I. The capture took place on 1 October 1918 after the capture of Haifa and the victory at the Battle of Samakh which opened the way for the pursuit north from the Sea of Galilee and the Third Transjordan attack which opened the way to Deraa and the inland…Source: Wikidata (country)
  40. 19201920 capture of DamascusDamascusThe 1920 capture of Damascus was the final stage of the Franco-Syrian War in which French forces captured Damascus with little resistance. The Arab Kingdom of Syria was brought to an end, and the French mandate of Syria was put into effect. Shortly afterward, in September 1920, Damascus was established as the capital of the State of Damascus under a French mandate.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  41. 1920Battle of MaysalunMaysalunThe Battle of Maysalun (Arabic: معركة ميسلون), also known as the Battle of Maysalun Pass or the Battle of Khan Maysalun (French: Bataille de Khan Mayssaloun), was a four-hour battle fought between the forces of the Arab Kingdom of Syria and the French Army of the Levant on 24 July 1920 near Maysalun in the Anti-Lebanon Mountains, about 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Damascus.Source: Wikidata (country)
  42. 1941Syria–Lebanon campaignSyriaThe Syria–Lebanon campaign, also known as Operation Exporter, was the liberation of Syria and Lebanon from German control in June and July 1941 by British Empire forces during the Second World War.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  43. 19631963 Syrian coup d'étatSyriaThe 1963 Syrian coup d'état, labelled in Ba'athist historiography as the March 8 Revolution (Arabic: ثورة الثامن من آذار), was the seizure of power in Syria by the military committee of the Syrian Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. The planning and the unfolding conspiracy of the Syrian Ba'athist operatives were prompted by the Ba'ath party's seizure of power in Iraq in February 1963.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  44. 19661966 Syrian coup d'étatSyriaIn the 1966 Syrian coup d'état (21–23 February) the government of the Syrian Arab Republic was overthrown and replaced. The ruling National Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party were removed from power by a union of the party's Military Committee and the Syrian Regional Branch, under the leadership of Salah Jadid.Source: Wikidata (country)
  45. 19701970 Syrian coup d'etatSyriaThe 1970 Syrian coup d'etat, also called the Corrective Revolution (Arabic: ثورة التصحيح, romanized: Thawrat al-Tashih) or the Corrective Movement (Arabic: الحركة التصحيحية, romanized: al-Ḥarakah at-Taṣḥīḥīyya), was a bloodless military coup d'état led by General Hafez al-Assad on 13 November 1970 in Syria. Assad promised to sustain and improve the "nationalist socialist line" of the state and the Ba'ath Party.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  46. 1973Battle of LatakiaLatakiaThe Battle of Latakia (Arabic: معركة اللاذقية; Hebrew: קרב לטקיה) was a small but revolutionary naval action of the Yom Kippur War, fought on 7 October 1973 between Israel and Syria. It was the first naval battle in history to see combat between surface-to-surface missile-equipped missile boats and the use of electronic deception.Source: Wikidata (country)
  47. 1978Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgencyEastern Anatolia RegionFrom 1978 until 2025, the Republic of Turkey was in an armed conflict with the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) (Kurdish: Partiya Karkerên Kurdistanê) as well as its allied insurgent groups, both Kurdish and non-Kurdish. The initial core demand of the PKK was its separation from Turkey to create an independent Kurdistan.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  48. 1982 – 19851982 Lebanon WarLebanonThe 1982 Lebanon War, also called the Second Israeli invasion of Lebanon, began on 6 June 1982, when Israel invaded southern Lebanon. The invasion followed a series of attacks and counter-attacks between the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) operating in southern Lebanon and the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), which had caused civilian casualties on both sides of the border.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  49. 19821982 Hama massacreHamaThe Hama massacre (Arabic: مجزرة حماة) occurred in February 1982 when the Syrian Arab Army and the Defense Companies paramilitary force, under the orders of President Hafez al-Assad, besieged the town of Hama for 27 days in order to quell an uprising by the Fighting Vanguard of the Muslim Brotherhood against the Ba'athist government.Source: Wikidata (country)
  50. 2011 – 2024Syrian civil warSyriaThe Syrian civil war was an armed conflict that began with the Syrian revolution in March 2011, when popular discontent with the Ba'athist regime ruled by Bashar al-Assad triggered large-scale protests and pro-democracy rallies across Syria, as part of the wider Arab Spring.Source: Wikidata (country)
  51. 2011Siege of DaraaDaraaThe siege of Daraa occurred within the context of the 2011 Arab Spring protests in Syria, in which Daraa was the center of unrest. On 25 April 2011, the Syrian Army began a ten-day siege of the city, an operation that helped escalate the uprising into an armed rebellion and subsequent civil war.Source: Wikidata (country)
  52. 2011 – 2017Siege of HomsHomsThe Siege of Homs was a military confrontation between the Syrian government and the Syrian opposition in the city of Homs, a major rebel stronghold during the Syrian Civil War. The siege lasted three years from May 2011 to May 2014, and ultimately resulted in an opposition withdrawal from the city.Source: Wikidata (country)
  53. 2011 – 2012Syrian revolutionSyriaThe Syrian revolution was a series of mass protests and civilian uprisings throughout Syria – with a subsequent violent reaction by the Ba'athist regime – lasting from 2011 to 2024 as part of the greater Arab Spring in the Arab world. The revolution, which demanded the end of the decades-long Assad family rule, began as minor demonstrations during January 2011 and transformed into large nationwide protests in March.Source: Wikidata (country)
  54. 2011Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil warSyriaTurkish involvement in the Syrian civil war began diplomatically and later escalated militarily. After a decade of relatively friendly relations with Syria from 2000 to 2010, Turkey condemned Syrian President Bashar al-Assad over the violent crackdown on protests in 2011 and, from the beginning of the war, Turkey trained defectors of the Syrian Army in its territory under the supervision of the Turkish National…Source: Wikidata (country)
  55. 2012 – 2016Battle of AleppoAleppoThe Battle of Aleppo (Arabic: مَعْرَكَةُ حَلَبَ, romanized: Maʿrakat Ḥalab) was a major military confrontation in Aleppo, the largest city in Syria by urban area, between the Syrian opposition militias (such as the Free Syrian Army (FSA), the Levant Front and Al-Nusra Front) against the Ba'athist Syrian government and army, supported by Russia, Iran, Hezbollah and other Shia militant groups backed by the IRGC, and…Source: Wikidata (country)
  56. 2012Battle of DamascusDamascusThe Battle of Damascus (Arabic: معركة دمشق), also known as Operation Damascus Volcano (Arabic: عملية بركان دمشق), started on 15 July 2012 during the Syrian civil war. Thousands of rebels infiltrated Damascus from the surrounding countryside.Source: Wikidata (country)
  57. 2012Houla massacreHoulaThe Houla massacre (Arabic: مجزرة الحولة) was a mass murder of civilians that took place on May 25, 2012, in the midst of the Syrian Civil War, in the town of Taldou, in the Houla Region of Syria, a string of towns northwest of Homs. According to the United Nations, 108 people were killed, including 34 women and 49 children.Source: Wikidata (country)
  58. 2013Battle of RaqqaRaqqaThe Battle of Raqqa, also known as the First Battle of Raqqa and code named by rebels as the "Raid of the Almighty", was fought for control of the northern Syrian city of Raqqa during the Syrian civil war between Sunni Islamist rebel insurgents and the Syrian Arab Army.Source: Wikidata (country)
  59. 2013Ghouta chemical attackGhoutaThe Ghouta chemical attack was a chemical attack carried out by the forces of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, in the early hours of 21 August 2013 in Ghouta, Syria during the Syrian civil war. It was the deadliest use of chemical weapons in Syrian conflict and since the Iran–Iraq War. Two opposition-controlled areas in the suburbs around Damascus were struck by rockets containing the chemical agent sarin.Source: Wikidata (country)
  60. 2014Islamic State invasion of IraqNineveh GovernorateIn June 2014, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (also known as ISIL or ISIS), which had controlled a large portion of Northeastern Syria at that time during the Syrian civil war, launched a widespread offensive in Iraq, capturing a large swath of territory extending all the way from the Iraq–Syria border to the outskirts of the Iraqi capital city of Baghdad.Source: Wikidata (country)
  61. 2014 – 2026Operation Inherent ResolveIraqOperation Inherent Resolve (OIR) is the United States military's operational name for the international war against the Islamic State (IS) including both a campaign in Iraq and a campaign in Syria, with a closely related campaign in Libya.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  62. 2014 – 2017Siege of Deir ez-ZorDeir ez-ZorThe siege of Deir ez-Zor was a large-scale siege imposed by the Islamic State (IS) militant group against several districts in the city of Deir ez-Zor held by the Syrian government's military forces, in an attempt to capture the city and secure full control of the Deir ez-Zor Governorate.Source: Wikidata (country)
  63. 2014 – 2015Siege of KobanîAïn al-ArabThe siege of Kobanî was launched by the Islamic State (IS) on 13 September 2014, in order to capture the Kobanî Canton and its main city of Kobanî (also known as Kobanê or Ayn al-Arab) in northern Syria, in the de facto autonomous region of Rojava.Source: Wikidata (country)
  64. 20152015 al-Hawl offensiveHasakah GovernorateThe 2015 al-Hawl offensive was an offensive launched by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) during the Syrian Civil War, in order to capture the strategic town of al-Hawl and the surrounding countryside from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). The offensive consisted of separate operations in three different areas: Tell Brak, al-Hawl, and the southern al-Hasakah city countryside.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  65. 2015Palmyra offensivePalmyraThe Palmyra offensive of May 2015 was a military operation launched during the Syrian Civil War by the Islamic State (IS) on May 13–26, 2015, in an attempt to capture the government-held Tadmur District of the Homs Governorate, including the administrative centre of Tadmur, known in English as Palmyra.Source: Wikidata (country)
  66. 2015 – 2024Russian intervention in the Syrian civil warRaqqa GovernorateFrom September 2015 until December 2024, Russia conducted a military intervention in the Syrian civil war, following a request by Ba'athist Syria under Bashar al-Assad for support against the Syrian opposition and Islamic State (IS).Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  67. 2016 – 2017Battle of al-Babal-BabThe Battle of al-Bab was a battle for the city of al-Bab in the Aleppo Governorate that included a military offensive launched by Syrian rebel groups (including groups affiliated with the Free Syrian Army) and the Turkish Armed Forces north of al-Bab, a separate Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) offensive east and west of the city, and another Syrian Army offensive from the south of the city.Source: Wikidata (country)
  68. 2016Manbij offensiveManbijThe Manbij offensive, code-named Operation Martyr and Commander Faysal Abu Layla, was a 2016 military offensive operation by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) to capture the city of Manbij from the Islamic State (IS), and eventually, the ISIS-held areas through Al-Bab to Herbel, in the area referred to as the "Manbij Pocket" in the northern Aleppo Governorate.Source: Wikidata (country)
  69. 2016 – 2017Operation Euphrates ShieldSyria–Turkey borderOperation Euphrates Shield (Turkish: Fırat Kalkanı Harekâtı) was an offensive by the Turkish Armed Forces and the Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army, which led to the Turkish occupation of northern Syria. Operations were carried out in the region between the Euphrates river to the east and the rebel-held area around Azaz to the west.Source: Wikidata (country)
  70. 2016Palmyra offensive (March 2016)Tadmur DistrictThe Palmyra offensive (March 2016) was a military operation of the Syrian Arab Army, supported by Russian airstrikes, to recapture from the Islamic State the city of Tadmur (near the ruins of the ancient city of Palmyra), which was strategically important for both forces due to its position in central Syria. The city was fully recaptured on 27 March.Source: Wikidata (country)
  71. 2016Palmyra offensive (December 2016)Tadmur DistrictThe Palmyra offensive in December 2016 was a military operation launched by the military of ISIL which led to the re-capture of the ancient city of Palmyra, and an unsuccessful ISIL attack on the Tiyas T-4 Airbase to the west of the city. ISIL previously controlled the city from May 2015 until March 2016.Source: Wikidata (country)
  72. 2017Battle of RaqqaRaqqaThe battle of Raqqa (2017), also known as the second battle of Raqqa, was the fifth and final phase of the Raqqa campaign (2016–2017) launched by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) against the Islamic State (IS) with an aim to seize the city of Raqqa, the de facto capital of ISIL since 2014. The battle began on 6 June 2017, and was supported by airstrikes and ground troops from the US-led coalition.Source: Wikidata (country)
  73. 2017Khan Shaykhun chemical attackKhan ShaykhunThe Khan Shaykhun chemical attack took place on 4 April 2017 on the town of Khan Shaykhun in the Idlib Governorate of Syria. The town was reported to have been struck by an airstrike by government forces followed by massive civilian chemical poisoning.Source: Wikidata (country)
  74. 2017Palmyra offensiveTadmur DistrictThe Palmyra offensive in 2017 was launched by the Syrian Arab Army against the armed forces of the Islamic State (IS) in the Eastern Homs Governorate in January 2017, with the goal of recapturing Palmyra and its surrounding countryside.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  75. 2018April 2018 missile strikes against SyriaHomsOn 14 April 2018, beginning at 04:00 Syrian time (UTC+3), the United States, France, and the United Kingdom carried out a series of military strikes involving aircraft and ship-based missiles against multiple government sites in Syria during the Syrian Civil War. The strikes were a reprisal for the Douma chemical attack against civilians on 7 April, widely attributed to the Syrian government.Source: Wikidata (country)
  76. 2018Douma chemical attackDoumaOn 7 April 2018, a chemical warfare attack was launched in the city of Douma, Syria by the military of the Ba'athist regime led by Bashar al-Assad. Medics and witnesses reported that it caused the deaths of between 40 and 50 people and injuries to possibly well over 100. The attack was attributed to the Syrian Army by rebel forces in Douma, and by the United States, British, and French governments.Source: Wikidata (country)
  77. 2018February 2018 Israel–Syria incidentLevantOn 10 February 2018, an Israeli F-16 was shot down by the Syrian air defenses after conducting an air raid on Iran-backed positions inside Syrian territory. The aircraft was part of a larger Israeli aerial dispatch which Israel said was sent in response to detection of an Iranian drone spying on Israel.Source: Wikidata (country)
  78. 2018Operation Olive BranchAfrinOperation Olive Branch (Turkish: Zeytin Dalı Harekâtı) was an invasion by the Turkish Armed Forces and Syrian National Army (SNA) in the Kurdish-majority Afrin District of northwest Syria, against the People's Protection Units (YPG) of the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF). The air war and use of major artillery ended as the Arab and Turkmen militias of the SNA entered the city of Afrin on 18 March 2018.Source: Wikidata (country)
  79. 2018Rif Dimashq offensiveGhoutaThe Rif Dimashq offensive (February–April 2018), code-named Operation Damascus Steel, was a military offensive launched by the Syrian Arab Army (SAA) in February 2018 in a bid to capture the rebel-held eastern Ghouta suburb during the Syrian civil war. East Ghouta, a pocket of towns and farms, had been under government siege since 2013 and had been a major rebel stronghold in the vicinity of the capital of Damascus.Source: Wikidata (country)
  80. 2018Syria missile strikesSyriaOn 17 September 2018, the Israeli Air Force (IAF) conducted missile strikes against multiple targets in government-controlled western Syria. Syrian air defences responded to the Israeli fighter jets, accidentally shooting a Russian military Il-20, killing 15 crew aboard. Russia blamed Israel for the loss of its plane, accusing the IAF of "hiding behind the Russian aircraft", thereby putting it in the line of fire.Source: Wikidata (country)
  81. 20192019 Turkish offensive into northeastern SyriaDemocratic Autonomous Administration of North and East SyriaOperation Peace Spring (Turkish: Barış Pınarı Harekâtı) was a joint operation by the Turkish Armed Forces (TAF) and the Syrian National Army (SNA) against the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), later involving the Syrian Arab Army (SAA), in northeastern Syria.Source: Wikidata (country)
  82. 2019Battle of Baghuz FawqaniAl-Baghuz FawqaniThe Battle of Baghuz Fawqani was an offensive by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), assisted by Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve (CJTF-OIR) coalition airstrikes, artillery, and special forces personnel, that began on 9 February 2019 as part of the Deir ez-Zor campaign of the Syrian Civil War.Source: Wikidata (country)
  83. 2019December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and SyriaSyriaOn 29 December 2019, the United States conducted airstrikes against Kata'ib Hezbollah's weapons depots and command centers in Iraq and Syria, reportedly killing at least 25 militiamen and wounding 55 more. The U.S.Source: Wikidata (country)
  84. 2019 – 2020Northwestern Syria offensiveIdlib GovernorateThe 2019–2020 northwestern Syria offensive, codenamed "Dawn of Idlib 2," was a military operation launched by the armed forces of the Syrian Arab Republic, Russia, Iran, Hezbollah and other allied militias against Syrian opposition and allied fighters of the Syrian National Army, Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham, Rouse the Believers Operations Room, the Turkistan Islamic Party, and other rebels during the Syrian civil war.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  85. 2020Operation Spring ShieldIdlib GovernorateOperation Spring Shield (Turkish: Bahar Kalkanı Harekâtı) was a cross-border military operation carried out by the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK) in the Idlib Governorate of northwestern Syria against the Syrian Armed Forces and allied militias. The operation was launched on 27 February 2020 in direct response to the Balyun airstrikes, aiming to address the escalating situation in the region.Source: Wikidata (country)
  86. 2023Gaza warLevantThe Gaza war is an armed conflict in the Gaza Strip and Israel, fought as part of the unresolved Israeli–Palestinian and Gaza–Israel conflicts. The war began on 7 October 2023, when Palestinian militant group Hamas led an attack on Israel, in which 1,195 Israelis and foreign nationals were killed and 251 were taken hostage.Source: Wikidata (country)
  87. 2023 – 2024Attacks on US bases during the Middle Eastern crisisIraqStarting on 17 October 2023, and in response to United States support for Israel in the Gaza war, Iran-backed militias initiated a coordinated series of more than 170 attacks on US military bases and assets in Syria, Iraq, and Jordan. These attacks resulted in injuries to dozens of US service members.Source: Wikidata (country)
  88. 2023Hezbollah–Israel conflictSouthern LebanonAn ongoing conflict between the Lebanese militant group Hezbollah and Israel began on 8 October 2023, when Hezbollah launched rockets and artillery at Israeli positions following Hamas's October 7 attacks on Israel. The conflict escalated into a prolonged exchange of bombardments, leading to extensive displacement in Israel and Lebanon.Source: Wikidata (country)
  89. 20242024 Lebanon electronic device attacksLebanonOn 17 and 18 September 2024, thousands of handheld pagers and hundreds of walkie-talkies intended for use by Hezbollah exploded simultaneously in two separate events across Lebanon and Syria, in an Israeli attack nicknamed Operation Grim Beeper. According to an unnamed Hezbollah official, the attack took 1,500 Hezbollah fighters out of action due to injuries.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  90. 2024April 2024 Iranian strikes on IsraelIsraelOn 13 April 2024, the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC), a branch of the Iranian Armed Forces, in collaboration with the Islamic Resistance in Iraq, Lebanese militant group Hezbollah, and the Ansar Allah (Houthis), launched attacks against Israel and the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights with loitering munitions, cruise missiles, and ballistic missiles.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  91. 20242024 Hama offensiveHama GovernorateThe 2024 Hama offensive was a military operation launched by forces of the Syrian Salvation Government (SSG) and Turkish-backed rebel groups of the Syrian Interim Government (SIG) during the 2024 Syrian opposition offensive, a phase of the Syrian civil war. The operation, which was launched by the Military Operations Command, took place in the Hama Governorate.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  92. 20242024 Homs offensiveHomsThe 2024 Homs offensive was a military operation launched by forces of the Syrian Salvation Government (SSG) during the 2024 Syrian opposition offensive, a phase of the Syrian Civil War. The operation was launched by the Military Operations Command following its capture of Hama on 5 December 2024 during the 2024 Hama offensive.Source: Wikidata (country)
  93. 20242024 Lebanon warSouthern LebanonA war between Israel and Hezbollah took place in Lebanon during 2024 amid the Middle Eastern crisis. The war began in September 2024 following nearly 12 months of conflict between Israel and Hezbollah, when the former initiated major attacks in Lebanon including an attack on pagers and electronic devices, the assassination of Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah, and an aerial bombing campaign throughout the country.Source: Wikidata (country)
  94. 20242024 Syrian opposition offensivesNorthern LevantOn 27 November 2024, a coalition of Syrian revolutionary factions called the Military Operations Command, led by Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) and supported by allied Turkish-backed groups in the Syrian National Army (SNA), launched an offensive against the Ba'athist regime's armed forces in Idlib, Aleppo and Hama Governorates in Syria.Source: Wikidata (country)
  95. 2024Battle of AleppoAleppoThe Battle of Aleppo (2024), also known as the Second Battle of Aleppo or the Fall of Aleppo began when the Syrian opposition group Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham, along with allied Turkish-backed groups in the Military Operations Command, entered the Syrian government-held city of Aleppo. The battle began on the third day of a large-scale rebel offensive.Source: Wikidata (country)
  96. 2024Fall of DamascusDamascusOn 7 December 2024, the Syrian opposition group known as the Southern Operations Room, in co-ordination with the Military Operations Command, led forces that entered the Rif Dimashq region of Syria from the south, and those forces then came within 20 kilometres (12 mi) of the capital Damascus. The Syrian Army withdrew from multiple points in the outskirts.Source: Wikidata (country)
  97. 2024Fall of the Assad regimeSyriaOn 8 December 2024, the Assad regime in Syria collapsed during a major offensive by opposition forces. The offensive was spearheaded by Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), the Syrian National Army (SNA), and the Southern Operations Room (SOR), as part of the Syrian civil war that began with the Syrian revolution in 2011.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  98. 2024Israeli airstrike on the Iranian consulate in DamascusMezzehOn 1 April 2024, Israel conducted an airstrike on the Iranian embassy complex in Damascus, Syria, destroying the building housing its consular section. The airstrike began the 2024 Iran–Israel conflict, and took place during a period of heightened tension between Israel and Iran, and amidst the Gaza war and the Israel–Hezbollah conflict.Source: Wikidata (country)
  99. 2024Majdal Shams attackMajdal ShamsThe Majdal Shams attack took place on 27 July 2024, when a rocket hit a soccer field in Majdal Shams in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights. The resulting blast killed 12 Syrian children belonging to the Druze community and injured at least 42 others, with most of the victims being between the ages of 10 and 16.Source: Wikidata (country)
  100. 2024October 2024 Israeli strikes on IranTehranOn 26 October 2024, Israel launched three waves of strikes against 20 locations in Iran and other locations in Iraq, and Syria, codenamed Operation Days of Repentance (Hebrew: מבצע ימי תשובה) by Israel. It was the largest attack on Iran since the Iran–Iraq War. Israel said the strikes were launched in response to the Iranian strikes against Israel earlier that month.Source: Wikidata (country)
  101. 20252025 massacres of Syrian AlawitesLatakia GovernorateA series of mass killings and massacres against Alawite people occurred in Syria from 6 March 2025 to 17 March 2025, with a resurgence in early April. Estimates of the death toll range from about 1,000 to 2,000, with some sources saying the majority of the victims were civilians.Source: Wikidata (country)
  102. 2025Southern Syria clashesSuwayda GovernorateOn 13 July 2025, fighting began between Druze and Bedouin armed groups in the city of Suwayda and its surrounding villages in southern Syria. The Syrian transitional government deployed the Armed Forces to the area to restore order between 14 and 16 July.Source: Wikidata (country)
  103. 20262026 northeastern Syria offensiveAleppo GovernorateOn 13 January 2026, the Syrian transitional government launched an offensive against the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) in the territories of the Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (DAANES). Initially focused on eastern Aleppo, around the towns of Deir Hafer and Maskanah, the offensive expanded on 17 January to the governorates of Raqqa, Deir ez-Zor and Al-Hasakah.Source: Wikidata (country)