Topic timeline · 632 CE – 661 CE
Rashidun Caliphate
7 events
The Rashidun Caliphate (Arabic: الخلافة الرّاشدة, romanized: al-Khilāfat ar-Rāshidah) was the early Islamic polity led by the first four successive caliphs (lit. "successors"): Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali, collectively known as the Rashidun, or 'Rightly Guided' caliphs. These early caliphs led the Muslim community (Ummah) from the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad in 632 CE to the establishment of the succeeding Umayyad Caliphate in 661 CE.
Text from the Wikipedia article Rashidun Caliphate, CC BY-SA 4.0
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Abu Bakr573 CE – 634 CE1st Rashidun Caliph and father-in-law of Muhammad
Umar ibn Al-Khattāb586 CE – 644 CE2nd Rashidun Caliph from 634 to 644
Uthman ibn Affan574 CE – 656 CECaliph of the Rashidun Caliphate from 644 to 656.png/330px-The_ten_to_whom_Paradise_was_promised_(Ali).png)
Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib599 CE – 661 CE4th Rashidun Caliph (r. 656–661) and first Shia Imam
Khalid ibn al-Walid586 CE – 642 CEArab Muslim military general (d. 642)- 'Amr ibn al-'As570 CE – 664 CEArab military commander and governor (c.573–664)
Everything that happened
- 632 CE – 633 CERidda WarsArabian PeninsulaThe Ridda Wars were a series of military campaigns launched by the first Rashidun caliph Abu Bakr against rebellious Arabian tribes, some of which were led by rival prophethood claimants. These wars began shortly after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad in 632 and concluded the next year, with all battles won by the Rashidun Caliphate.
- 636 CEBattle of the YarmukYarmukThe Battle of the Yarmuk (also spelled Yarmouk; Arabic: معركة اليرموك) was a major battle between the Byzantine Empire and the Rashidun Caliphate near the Yarmouk River in Byzantine Syria that marked a crucial point in the Muslim conquest of Syria. The result of the battle was a decisive Arab victory that effectively ended Byzantine rule in Syria.
- 636 CEBattle of al-QadisiyyahAl-QādisiyyahThe Battle of al-Qadisiyyah (Arabic: مَعْرَكَة ٱلْقَادِسِيَّة, romanized: Maʿrakat al-Qādisīya; Persian: نبرد قادسیه, romanized: Nabard-i Qādisiya) took place between the armies of the Rashidun Caliphate and the Sasanian Empire in November 636.
- 636 CE – 637 CEFirst Muslim conquest of JerusalemJerusalemBetween 636 and 637/38, during the Muslim conquest of the Levant, the Rashidun Caliphate took Jerusalem from the Byzantine Empire. It began when the Rashidun army, under the command of Abu Ubayda, besieged Jerusalem in November 636. After six months, Patriarch Sophronius agreed to surrender, on condition that he submit only to the caliph.
- 639 CE – 642 CEArab conquest of EgyptRoman EgyptThe Arab conquest of Egypt, led by the army of Amr ibn al-As, under the Rashidun Caliphate took place between 639 and 642 AD. It ended the Roman period in Egypt which began in 30 BC and lasted for seven centuries, and more broadly, the Greco-Roman period which lasted for about a millennium.
- 656 CEBattle of the CamelBasraThe Battle of the Camel, also known as the Battle of Basra (Arabic: معركة الجمل, romanized: Maʿrakat al-Jamal), took place in 656 CE outside of Basra in Iraq. It was fought between the partisans of the fourth Rashidun caliph Ali and the Uthmaniyya led by Aisha, Talha, and Zubayr.
- 657 CEBattle of SiffinSiffinThe Battle of Siffin (Arabic: معركة صفّين, romanized: Maʿraka Ṣiffīn) was fought in 657 CE (37 AH) between the forces of the fourth Rashidun caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib, and the forces of the Umayyad governor of Syria, Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan. The battle is named after its location Siffin on the banks of the Euphrates river.