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Poland

120 events

Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, and borders Lithuania and Russia to the northeast; Belarus and Ukraine to the east; Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south; and Germany to the west. The territory has a varied landscape, diverse ecosystems, and a temperate climate.

Text from the Wikipedia article Poland, CC BY-SA 4.0

Built from Wikidata: an event or person is listed when Wikidata links them to this page, as shown next to each one. Many aren’t recorded there, so this list is incomplete.

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Everything that happened

  1. 972 CEBattle of CedyniaCedyniaThe Battle of Cedynia (also known as the Battle of Zehden) was fought on 24 June 972 near the Oder river, when an army led by Mieszko I of Poland defeated the forces of the Saxon margrave Hodo (or Odo I of Lusatia). Whether the battle actually took place near the modern-day town of Cedynia is disputed in modern scholarship.Source: Wikidata (country)
  2. 1109Siege of GłogówGłogówThe Siege of Głogów or Defense of Głogów (German: Schlacht bei Glogau, Polish: Obrona Głogowa) took place on 24 August 1109 at the Silesian town of Głogów, between the Kingdom of Poland and the Holy Roman Empire. The event, recorded by the chronicler Gallus Anonymus in his Gesta principum Polonorum, is one of the most well-known episodes of early Polish medieval history.Source: Wikidata (country)
  3. 1240 – 1241First Mongol invasion of PolandPolandThe Mongol invasion of Poland from late 1240 to 1241 culminated in the Battle of Legnica, where the Mongols defeated an alliance which included forces from fragmented Poland and their allies, led by Henry II the Pious, the Duke of Silesia and High Duke of Poland. The first invasion's intention was to secure the flank of the main Mongolian army attacking the Kingdom of Hungary.Source: Wikidata (country)
  4. 1241Battle of LegnicaLegnickie PoleThe Battle of Legnica (Polish: bitwa pod Legnicą), also known as the Battle of Liegnitz (German: Schlacht von Liegnitz) or Battle of Wahlstatt (German: Schlacht bei Wahlstatt), was fought between the Mongol Empire and combined European forces at the village of Legnickie Pole (Wahlstatt), approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) southeast of the city of Legnica in the Duchy of Silesia on 9 April 1241.Source: Wikidata (country)
  5. 1287Third Mongol invasion of PolandPolandThe Third Mongol invasion of Poland was carried out by Talabuga Khan and Nogai Khan in 1287–1288. As in the second invasion, its purpose was to loot Lesser Poland, and to prevent Duke Leszek II the Black from interfering in Hungarian and Ruthenian affairs.Source: Wikidata (country)
  6. 1331Battle of PłowcePłowceThe Battle of Płowce took place on 27 September 1331 between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teutonic Order.Source: Wikidata (country)
  7. 1410Battle of GrunwaldGrunwaldThe Battle of Grunwald, also known as the (First) Battle of Tannenberg or the Battle of Žalgiris, was fought on 15 July 1410 during the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War. The alliance of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, led respectively by King Władysław II Jagiełło (Jogaila), and Grand Duke Vytautas, decisively defeated the Teutonic Order, led by Grand Master Ulrich von Jungingen.Source: Wikidata (country)
  8. 1410Siege of MarienburgMalbork CastleThe siege of Marienburg was an unsuccessful two-month siege of the castle in Marienburg (Malbork), the capital of the monastic state of the Teutonic Knights. The joint Polish and Lithuanian forces, under command of King Władysław II Jagiełło and Grand Duke Vytautas, besieged the castle between 26 July and 19 September 1410 in a bid for complete conquest of Prussia after the great victory in the Battle of Grunwald…Source: Wikidata (country)
  9. 1413Union of HorodłoHorodłoThe Union of Horodło or Pact of Horodło was a set of three acts signed in the town of Horodło on 2 October 1413. The first act was signed by Władysław II Jagiełło, King of Poland, and Vytautas, Grand Duke of Lithuania. The second and third acts were composed by the Polish nobility (szlachta) and Lithuanian boyars, respectively. The union amended the earlier Polish–Lithuanian unions of Krewo and Vilnius–Radom.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  10. 1422Golub WarChełmno LandThe Golub War was a two-month war of the Teutonic Knights against the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1422. It resulted in a Polish–Lithuanian–Moldavian victory. The Treaty of Melno officially ended the war, which resolved territorial disputes between the Knights and Lithuania over Samogitia that had dragged on since 1398.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  11. 1454 – 1466Thirteen Years' WarPomereliaThe Thirteen Years' War (German: Dreizehnjähriger Krieg; Polish: wojna trzynastoletnia), also called the War of the Cities, was a conflict fought in 1454–1466 between the Prussian Confederation, allied with the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, and the State of the Teutonic Order.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  12. 1499Union of Kraków and VilnaKrakówThe Union of Kraków and Vilna, also known as Union of Vilnius, was one of the agreements of the Polish–Lithuanian union. It was signed in Kraków by the Polish nobility on 6 May 1499, and in Vilnius by the Lithuanian nobility on 24 July 1499.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  13. 1569Union of LublinLublinThe Union of Lublin (Polish: Unia lubelska; Lithuanian: Liublino unija) was signed on 1 July 1569 in Lublin, Poland, and created a single state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest countries in Europe at the time.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  14. 1605 – 1618Polish–Russian WarPolish–Lithuanian CommonwealthThe Polish–Russian War was a conflict fought between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Tsardom of Russia from 1609 to 1618.Source: Wikidata (country)
  15. 1627Battle of OliwaGdańskThe Battle of Oliwa, also known as the Battle of Oliva or the Battle of Gdańsk Roadstead, was a naval battle that took place on 28 November, 1627, slightly north of the port of Danzig (Gdańsk) off of the coast of the village of Oliva during the Polish–Swedish War.Source: Wikidata (country)
  16. 1629Battle of TrzcianaTrzciano, Pomeranian VoivodeshipThe Battle of Trzciana (also known as Battle of Honigfelde or Battle on the Stuhmer Heide or Battle of Sztum) took place on 25 June 1629 (usually said to be 27th in the New Style calendar) and was one of the battles of the Polish-Swedish War (1626–1629) or Second Swedish-Polish War.Source: Wikidata (country)
  17. 1655Siege of Jasna GóraJasna Góra MonasteryThe siege of Jasna Góra (also known less accurately as the battle of Częstochowa, Polish: Oblężenie Jasnej Góry) took place in the winter of 1655 during the Second Northern War, or 'The Deluge' – as the Swedish invasion of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth is known. The Swedes were attempting to capture the Jasna Góra monastery in Częstochowa.Source: Wikidata (country)
  18. 1656Battle of WarsawWarsawThe Battle of Warsaw (German: Schlacht von Warschau; Polish: Bitwa pod Warszawą; Swedish: Tredagarsslaget vid Warschau) took place near Warsaw on July 28–July 30 [O.S. July 18–20] 1656, between the armies of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden and Brandenburg. It was a major battle in the Second Northern War between Poland and Sweden in the period 1655–1660, also known as The Deluge.Source: Wikidata (country)
  19. 1657Treaty of BrombergBydgoszczThe Treaty of Bromberg (German: Vertrag von Bromberg, Latin: Pacta Bydgostensia) or Treaty of Bydgoszcz was a treaty between John II Casimir Vasa and Elector Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia that was ratified at Bromberg (Bydgoszcz) on 6 November 1657.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  20. 1702Battle of KliszówKielceThe Battle of Kliszów (also spelled Klissow or Klezow) took place on 19 July 1702, near the village of Kliszów in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth during the Great Northern War. A Swedish army under the command of King Charles XII of Sweden defeated a Polish–Saxon army twice the size that was led by King Augustus II the Strong.Source: Wikidata (country)
  21. 1703Battle of PułtuskPułtuskThe Battle of Pułtusk took place on 1 May 1703 (N.S.) in Pułtusk during the Great Northern War. The Swedish army under the command of Charles XII defeated the Saxon army under Adam Heinrich von Steinau.Source: Wikidata (country)
  22. 1705Battle of WarsawWolaThe Battle of Warsaw (also known as the Battle of Rakowitz or Rakowiec) was fought on 31 July 1705 (Gregorian calendar) near Warsaw in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, during the Great Northern War and the 1701–1706 Swedish invasion of Poland. The battle was part of a power struggle for the Polish–Lithuanian throne, and was fought between Augustus II the Strong and Stanisław Leszczyński and their allies.Source: Wikidata (country)
  23. 1706Battle of FraustadtWschowaThe Battle of Fraustadt was fought on 2 February 1706 (O.S.) / 3 February 1706 (Swedish calendar) / 13 February 1706 (N.S.) near Fraustadt, now Wschowa, Poland, during the Great Northern War.Source: Wikidata (country)
  24. 1733 – 1735War of the Polish SuccessionPolandThe War of the Polish Succession (Polish: Wojna o sukcesję polską; 1733–35) was a major European conflict sparked by a civil war in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth over the succession to Augustus II the Strong, which the other European powers widened in pursuit of their own national interests.Source: Wikidata (country)
  25. 1734Siege of DanzigGdańskThe siege of Danzig of 1734 was the Russian encirclement (22 February – 30 June) and capture of the Polish city-port of Gdańsk, during the War of Polish Succession. It was the first time that troops of France and Russia had met as foes in the field.Source: Wikidata (country)
  26. 1740 – 1742First Silesian WarSilesiaThe First Silesian War (German: Erster Schlesischer Krieg) was a war between Prussia and Austria that lasted from 1740 to 1742 and resulted in Prussia's seizure of most of the region of Silesia (now in south-western Poland) from Austria. The war was fought mainly in Silesia, Moravia and Bohemia (the lands of the Bohemian Crown) and formed one theatre of the wider War of the Austrian Succession.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  27. 1741Battle of MollwitzMałujowiceThe Battle of Mollwitz was fought by Prussia and Austria on 10 April 1741, during the First Silesian War (in the early stages of the War of the Austrian Succession). It was the first battle of the new Prussian King Frederick II, in which both sides made numerous military blunders. Frederick fled the battlefield, but the Prussian Army managed to attain victory.Source: Wikidata (country)
  28. 1744 – 1745Second Silesian WarSilesiaThe Second Silesian War (German: Zweiter Schlesischer Krieg) was a war between Prussia and Austria that lasted from 1744 to 1745 and confirmed Prussia's control of the region of Silesia (now in south-western Poland). The war was fought mainly in Silesia, Bohemia, and Upper Saxony and formed one theatre of the wider War of the Austrian Succession.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  29. 1745Battle of HennersdorfHenryków LubańskiThe Battle of Hennersdorf, sometimes referred to as Catholic-Hennersdorf, was a minor encounter that took place on 23 November 1745 in Katholisch-Hennersdorf in Silesia (Prussia, present-day Poland) during the Second Silesian War (part of the War of the Austrian Succession). The Prussians under Frederick II defeated the Austrians under Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine.Source: Wikidata (country)
  30. 1745Battle of HohenfriedbergDobromierzThe Battle of Hohenfriedberg or Hohenfriedeberg (now Dobromierz, Poland), also known as the Battle of Striegau (now Strzegom, Poland) was one of Frederick the Great's most admired victories. Frederick's Prussian army decisively defeated an Austro-Saxon army under Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine on June 4, 1745, during the Second Silesian War – part of the War of the Austrian Succession.Source: Wikidata (country)
  31. 1757Battle of BreslauWrocławThe Battle of Breslau (also known as the Battle on the Lohe) was fought on 22 November 1757 in Breslau (now Wrocław, Poland) during the Third Silesian War (part of the Seven Years' War). A Prussian army of 28,000 men fought an Austrian army of 60,000 men. The Prussians held off the Austrian attack, losing 6,000 men to the Austrians' 5,000 men. But one day later the Prussians beat a retreat.Source: Wikidata (country)
  32. 1757Battle of LeuthenLutyniaThe Battle of Leuthen was fought on 5 December 1757 between Frederick the Great's Prussian Army and an Austrian army commanded by Prince Charles of Lorraine and Count Leopold Joseph von Daun. Frederick used maneuver warfare and knowledge of the terrain to rout the larger Austrian force completely. The victory ensured Prussian control of Silesia during the Third Silesian War, which was part of the Seven Years' War.Source: Wikidata (country)
  33. 1758Battle of ZorndorfSarbinowo, Gmina DębnoThe Battle of Zorndorf, during the Seven Years' War, was fought on 25 August 1758 between Russian troops commanded by Count William Fermor and a Prussian army commanded by King Frederick the Great. The battle was tactically inconclusive, with both armies holding their ground and claiming victory. The site of the battle was the Prussian village of Zorndorf (now Sarbinowo, Poland).Source: Wikidata (country)
  34. 1759Battle of KayKije, Lubusz VoivodeshipThe Battle of Kay (German: Schlacht bei Kay), also referred to as the Battle of Sulechów, Battle of Züllichau, or Battle of Paltzig, was an engagement fought on 23 July 1759 during the Seven Years' War. It occurred near Kay (Kije) in the Neumark, now part of Poland.Source: Wikidata (country)
  35. 1759Battle of KunersdorfKunowiceThe Battle of Kunersdorf occurred on 12 August 1759 near Kunersdorf (now Kunowice, Poland) immediately east of Frankfurt an der Oder. Part of the Third Silesian War and the wider Seven Years' War, the battle involved over 100,000 men. An Allied army commanded by Pyotr Saltykov and Ernst Gideon von Laudon that included 41,000 Russians and 18,500 Austrians defeated Frederick the Great's army of 50,900 Prussians.Source: Wikidata (country)
  36. 1759Siege of KolbergKołobrzegDuring the Seven Years' War, the Prussian-held town of Kolberg in Brandenburg-Prussian Pomerania (now Kołobrzeg) was besieged by Russian forces three times. The first two sieges, in late 1758 and from 26 August to 18 September 1760, were unsuccessful. A final and successful siege took place from August to December 1761. In the sieges of 1760 and 1761, the Russian forces were supported by Swedish auxiliaries.Source: Wikidata (country)
  37. 1760Battle of LandeshutKamienna GóraThe Battle of Landeshut was an engagement fought on 23 June 1760 during the Third Silesian War (part of the Seven Years' War).Source: Wikidata (country)
  38. 1760Battle of LiegnitzLegnicaThe Battle of Liegnitz on 15 August 1760 saw Frederick the Great's Prussian Army defeat the Austrian army under Ernst von Laudon during the Third Silesian War (part of the Seven Years' War).Source: Wikidata (country)
  39. 1762Battle of BurkersdorfBurkatówThe Battle of Burkersdorf took place on 21 July 1762 during the Third Silesian War (part of the Seven Years' War). A Prussian army of 23,000 men fought an Austrian army of around 20,000 men.Source: Wikidata (country)
  40. 1794Battle of MaciejowiceMaciejowiceThe Battle of Maciejowice was fought on 10 October 1794, between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Russian Empire during the Polish Uprising of 1794.Source: Wikidata (country)
  41. 1794Battle of PragaWarsawThe Battle of Praga or the Second Battle of Warsaw of 1794, also known in Russian and German as the Storming of Praga (Russian: Штурм Праги) and in Polish as the Defence of Praga (Polish: Obrona Pragi), was a successful Russian assault on Praga, the easternmost community of Warsaw, during the Kościuszko Uprising in 1794.Source: Wikidata (country)
  42. 1794Battle of RacławiceRacławiceThe Battle of Racławice (Polish: Bitwa pod Racławicami) was one of the first battles of the Kościuszko Uprising against Russia. It was fought on 4 April 1794 near the village of Racławice in Lesser Poland.Source: Wikidata (country)
  43. 1794Warsaw UprisingWarsawThe Warsaw Uprising of 1794 or Warsaw Insurrection (Polish: insurekcja warszawska) was an armed insurrection by the people of Warsaw early in the Kościuszko Uprising. Supported by the Polish Army, the uprising aimed to throw off control by the Russian Empire of the Polish capital city (Warsaw). It began on 17 April 1794, soon after Tadeusz Kościuszko's victory at the Battle of Racławice.Source: Wikidata (country)
  44. 1806 – 1807War of the Fourth CoalitionKingdom of SaxonyThe War of the Fourth Coalition (French: Guerre de la Quatrième Coalition) was a war spanning 1806–1807 that saw a multinational coalition fight against Napoleon's French Empire, subsequently being defeated. The main coalition partners were Prussia and Russia with Saxony, Sweden, and Great Britain also contributing.Source: Wikidata (country)
  45. 1806Battle of GolyminGołymin-OśrodekThe Battle of Golymin (or Gołymin) took place on 26 December 1806 during the War of the Fourth Coalition at Gołymin, Poland, between around 22,000 Russian soldiers with 28 guns under Prince Golitsyn and 38,000 French soldiers under Marshal Murat. The Russian forces disengaged successfully from the superior French forces. The battle took place on the same day as the Battle of Pułtusk.Source: Wikidata (country)
  46. 1806Battle of PułtuskPułtuskThe Battle of Pułtusk (or Pultusk) took place on 26 December 1806 during the War of the Fourth Coalition near Pultusk, Prussia (today Pułtusk, Poland). Despite their strong numerical superiority and artillery, the Russians under the lead of General of Cavalry Levin von Benningsen underwent heavy French attacks by Marshal Jean Lannes, before retiring the next day having suffered great losses like the French,…Source: Wikidata (country)
  47. 1806Greater Poland UprisingGreater PolandThe Greater Poland uprising of 1806 was a Polish military insurrection which occurred in the region of Wielkopolska, also known as Greater Poland, against the occupying Prussian forces after the Partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1772–1795).Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  48. 1807Battle of HeilsbergLidzbark WarmińskiThe Battle of Heilsberg took place on 10 June [O.S. 29 May] 1807 off the town of Heilsberg (now Lidzbark Warmiński), during the Napoleonic Wars. In it, Joachim Murat's French troops began the offensive on Leonty (Levin) Bennigsen's Russian force ahead of schedule. The opponents fought until nightfall, by which time the French attacks had produced no results. They concluded an operational armistice.Source: Wikidata (country)
  49. 1807Siege of DanzigGdańskThe siege of Danzig (19 March – 24 May 1807) was the French encirclement and capture of Danzig during the War of the Fourth Coalition. On 19 March 1807, around 27,000 French troops under Marshal Lefebvre besieged around 14,400 Prussian troops under Marshal Kalckreuth garrisoning the city of Danzig.Source: Wikidata (country)
  50. 1807Siege of KolbergKołobrzeg FortressThe siege of Kolberg (also spelled Colberg or Kołobrzeg) took place from March to 2 July 1807 during the War of the Fourth Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars. An army of the First French Empire and several foreign troops (including Polish insurgents) of France besieged the fortified town of Kolberg, the only remaining Prussian-held fortress in the Province of Pomerania.Source: Wikidata (country)
  51. 1809Battle of RaszynRaszynThe Battle of Raszyn was fought on 19 April 1809 between armies of the Austrian Empire under Archduke Ferdinand Karl Joseph of Austria-Este and the Duchy of Warsaw under Józef Antoni Poniatowski, as part of the War of the Fifth Coalition in the Napoleonic Wars. The battle was not decisive, but it did result in the Austrians obtaining their goal by capturing the Polish capital Warsaw.Source: Wikidata (country)
  52. 1813Battle of the KatzbachLegnicaThe Battle of the Katzbach on 26 August 1813, was a major battle of the Napoleonic Wars between the forces of the First French Empire under Marshal MacDonald and a Russo-Prussian army of the Sixth Coalition under Prussian Marshal Graf (Count) von Blücher. It occurred during a heavy thunderstorm at the Katzbach river between Wahlstatt and Liegnitz in the Prussian province of Silesia.Source: Wikidata (country)
  53. 1831Battle of OstrołękaOstrołękaThe Battle of Ostrołęka of 26 May 1831 was one of the largest engagements of Poland's November Uprising. Throughout the day, Polish forces under Jan Skrzynecki fought for the control over the town of Ostrołęka against the assaulting Russian forces of Hans Karl von Diebitsch.Source: Wikidata (country)
  54. 1846Kraków UprisingKrakówThe Kraków Uprising (Polish: powstanie krakowskie, rewolucja krakowska; German: Krakauer Aufstand; Russian: краковское восстание, romanized: krakovskoye vosstaniye) of 1846 was an attempt, led by Polish insurgents such as Jan Tyssowski and Edward Dembowski, to incite a fight for national independence. The uprising was centered on the city of Kraków, the capital of the small Free City of Cracow.Source: Wikidata (country)
  55. 1914Battle of TannenbergOlsztynThe Battle of Tannenberg, also known as the Second Battle of Tannenberg, was fought between Russia and Germany between 26 and 30 August 1914, the first month of World War I. The battle resulted in the encirclement and the almost complete destruction of the Russian 2nd Army by the German 8th Army and the suicide of its commanding general, Alexander Samsonov.Source: Wikidata (country)
  56. 1914Battle of KomarówKomarowoThe Battle of Komarow (known in Russia as the Battle of Tomaszów) was a battle on the Eastern Front during World War I. It would prove a victory for the Austro-Hungarian forces, but one they would not be able to reproduce in the coming months of the war.Source: Wikidata (country)
  57. 1914Battle of KraśnikKraśnikThe Battle of Kraśnik (German: Schlacht von Kraśnik) started on August 23, 1914, in the province of Galicia and the adjacent areas across the border in the Russian Empire, in northern Austria (in present-day Poland), and ended two days later. The Austro-Hungarian 1st Army defeated the Russian 4th Army. It was the first victory by Austria-Hungary in World War I.Source: Wikidata (country)
  58. 1914Battle of ŁódźŁódźThe Battle of Łódź (German: Schlacht um Łódź) or Lodz operation (Russian: Лодзинская операция, romanized: Lodzinskaya operatsia) took place from 11 November to 6 December 1914, near the city of Łódź in Poland. Battles were fought between German units of the 8th Army, 9th Army, Austrian 1st Army, and the Russian 1st, 2nd, and 5th Armies, in harsh winter conditions.Source: Wikidata (country)
  59. 1914Battle of the Vistula RiverWarsawThe Battle of the Vistula River, also known as the Battle of Warsaw and Ivangorod, was a major Russian victory against Germany and Austria-Hungary on the Eastern Front during the First World War.Source: Wikidata (country)
  60. 1914First Battle of the Masurian LakesMasurian Lake DistrictThe First Battle of the Masurian Lakes was a German offensive in the Eastern Front 2–16 September 1914, during the Russian invasion of East Prussia. It took place only days after the Battle of Tannenberg where the German 8th Army encircled and destroyed the Russian 2nd Army.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  61. 1914 – 1915Siege of PrzemyślPrzemyślThe Siege of Przemyśl was the longest siege in Europe during the First World War, and the second-longest in the entire conflict, after the Siege of Medina. The siege was a crushing defeat of the Austro-Hungarian Army by the Russian Army. Przemyśl was a fortress-town and stronghold on the River San in Austrian Galicia.Source: Wikidata (country)
  62. 1915Battle of Humin-BolimówBolimówThe Battle of Humin-Bolimów was an inconclusive battle of World War I fought between January 14 and February 28, 1915 between the Imperial German Army and Russia. The battle is considered a preliminary to the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes.Source: Wikidata (country)
  63. 1915Gorlice–Tarnów offensiveGorliceThe Gorlice–Tarnów offensive during World War I was initially conceived as a minor German offensive to relieve Russian pressure on the Austro-Hungarians to their south on the Eastern Front, but resulted in the Central Powers' chief offensive effort of 1915, causing the total collapse of the Russian lines and their retreat far into Russia.Source: Wikidata (country)
  64. 1915Great Retreat (Russia)Kingdom of Galicia and LodomeriaThe Great Retreat was a strategic withdrawal and evacuation on the Eastern Front of World War I in 1915. The Imperial Russian Army gave up the salient in Galicia and Congress Poland.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  65. 1915Second Battle of the Masurian LakesMasurian Lake DistrictThe Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes or Winter Battle of the Masurian Lakes, known in Germany as the Winter Battle in Masuria and in Russia as the Battle of Augustowo, was the northern part of the Central Powers' offensive on the Eastern Front in the winter of 1915 during World War I. The offensive was intended to advance beyond the Vistula River and potentially knock Russia out of the war.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  66. 1918Greater Poland uprisingGreater PolandThe Greater Poland uprising of 1918–1919, or Wielkopolska uprising of 1918–1919 (Polish: powstanie wielkopolskie 1918–1919 roku; German: Großpolnischer Aufstand) or Poznań War was a military insurrection of Poles in the Greater Poland region (German: Grand Duchy of Posen or Provinz Posen) against German rule.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  67. 1919 – 1921Polish–Soviet WarCentral and Eastern EuropeThe Polish–Soviet War (14 February 1919 – 18 March 1921) was fought primarily between the Second Polish Republic and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, following World War I and the Russian Revolution.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  68. 1919 – 1920Polish–Lithuanian WarSuwałkiThe Polish–Lithuanian War was an undeclared war fought in the aftermath of World War I between newly independent Lithuania and Poland, with fighting mainly in the Vilnius and Suwałki regions, which was part of the Lithuanian Wars of Independence and lasted from May 1919 to 29 November 1920. From the spring of 1920 onward, the conflict happened alongside the wider Polish–Soviet War and was affected by its progress.Source: Wikidata (country)
  69. 1919 – 1921Silesian UprisingsSilesia ProvinceThe Silesian Uprisings were a series of three uprisings from August 1919 to July 1921 in Upper Silesia, which was part of the Weimar Republic at the time. Ethnic Polish and Polish-Silesian insurrectionists, seeking to have the area transferred to the newly founded Polish Republic, fought German police and paramilitary forces, which sought to keep the area part of the new German state founded after World War I and…Source: Wikidata (country)
  70. 1920Battle of WarsawWarsawThe Battle of Warsaw (Polish: Bitwa Warszawska; Russian: Варшавская битва, Varshavskaya bitva), also known as the Miracle on the Vistula (Polish: Cud nad Wisłą), was a series of battles that resulted in a decisive Polish victory and complete disintegration of the Red Army in August 1920 during the Polish–Soviet War.Source: Wikidata (country)
  71. 1920Battle of KomarówKomarów-OsadaThe Battle of Komarów, or the Battle of Zamość Ring, was one of the most important engagements of the Polish-Soviet War. It took place between 20 August and 2 September 1920, near the village of Komarowo (now Komarów) near Zamość. It was the last large battle in Europe in which cavalry was used as such and not as mounted infantry.Source: Wikidata (country)
  72. 1920Suwałki AgreementSuwałkiThe Suwałki Agreement, Treaty of Suvalkai, or Suwalki Treaty (Polish: Umowa suwalska, Lithuanian: Suvalkų sutartis) was an agreement signed in the town of Suwałki between Poland and Lithuania on October 7, 1920. It was registered in the League of Nations Treaty Series on January 19, 1922.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  73. 1920Treaty of WarsawWarsawThe Treaty of Warsaw (also the Polish–Ukrainian or Petliura–Piłsudski Alliance or Agreement) of April 1920 was a military-economical alliance between the Second Polish Republic, represented by Józef Piłsudski, and the Ukrainian People's Republic, represented by Symon Petliura, against Bolshevik Russia. The treaty was signed on 21 April 1920, with a military addendum on 24 April.Source: Wikidata (country)
  74. 1926May CoupWarsawThe May Coup (Polish: przewrót majowy or zamach majowy) was a coup d'état carried out in Poland by Marshal Józef Piłsudski from 12 to 14 May 1926.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  75. 1929Warsaw ConventionWarsawThe Convention for the Unification of certain rules relating to international carriage by air, commonly known as the Warsaw Convention, is an international convention which regulates liability for international carriage of persons, luggage, or goods performed by aircraft for reward.Source: Wikidata (country)
  76. 1933Nazi book burningsBebelplatzThe Nazi book burnings were a campaign conducted by the German Student Union (German: Deutsche Studentenschaft, DSt) to ceremonially burn books in Nazi Germany and Austria in the 1930s. The books targeted for burning were those viewed as being subversive or as representing ideologies opposed to Nazism.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  77. 1939Invasion of PolandPolandThe invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign, Polish Campaign, and Polish Defensive War of 1939 (1 September – 6 October 1939), was a joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Slovak Republic, and the Soviet Union, which marked the beginning of World War II.Source: Wikidata (country)
  78. 1939Battle of HelHel PeninsulaThe Battle of Hel (Polish: Obrona Helu, literally "the Defense of Hel") was a World War II engagement fought from 1 September to 2 October 1939 on the Hel Peninsula, of the Baltic Sea coast, between invading German forces and defending Polish units during the German invasion of Poland (also known in Polish historiography as the September Campaign).Source: Wikidata (country)
  79. 1939Battle of KockKockThe Battle of Kock was the final battle in the invasion of Poland at the beginning of World War II in Europe. It took place from 2 to 5 October 1939, near the town of Kock in Poland. The Independent Operational Group Polesie, led by General Franciszek Kleeberg, fought the German XIV Motorized Corps, which was led by General Gustav Anton von Wietersheim.Source: Wikidata (country)
  80. 1939Battle of MławaUniszki ZawadzkieThe Battle of Mława, otherwise known as the Defence of the Mława position, took place to the north of the town of Mława in northern Poland between 1 and 3 September 1939. It was one of the opening battles of the Invasion of Poland and World War II in general. It was fought between the forces of the Polish Modlin Army under General Krukowicz-Przedrzymirski and the German 3rd Army under General Georg von Küchler.Source: Wikidata (country)
  81. 1939Battle of ModlinModlinThe Battle of Modlin took place during the 1939 German invasion of Poland at the beginning of the Second World War. Modlin Fortress was initially the headquarters of the Modlin Army until its retreat eastwards. From 13 to 29 September 1939, it served as a defensive citadel for Polish forces under the command of General Wiktor Thommée against assaulting German units.Source: Wikidata (country)
  82. 1939Battle of the BzuraKutnoThe Battle of the Bzura (or the Battle of Kutno) was the largest battle of the German invasion of Poland and was fought from 9 to 19 September 1939. It was a Polish counter-attack against the Germans.Source: Wikidata (country)
  83. 1939Battle of WesterplatteWesterplatteThe Battle of Westerplatte was the first battle of the German invasion of Poland, marking the start of World War II in Europe. It occurred on the Westerplatte peninsula in the harbour of the Free City of Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland). A small forested island separated from Gdansk by the harbour channel, Westerplatte was established as a Polish military outpost during the interwar period.Source: Wikidata (country)
  84. 1939Battle of WiznaŁomżaThe Battle of Wizna (Polish: Obrona Wizny) was fought between September 7 and September 10, 1939, between the forces of Poland and Germany during the initial stages of the invasion of Poland, which marked the beginning of the Second World War in Europe. According to Polish historian Leszek Moczulski, between 350 and 720 Poles defended a fortified line for three days against more than 40,000 Germans.Source: Wikidata (country)
  85. 1939Bloody SundayBydgoszczBloody Sunday (German: Bromberger Blutsonntag; Polish: Krwawa niedziela) was a sequence of violent events that took place in Bydgoszcz (German: Bromberg), a Polish city with a sizable German minority, between 3 and 4 September 1939, during the German invasion of Poland.Source: Wikidata (country)
  86. 1939Bombing of WieluńWieluńThe bombing of the Polish town of Wieluń on 1 September 1939 is considered by many to be the first major act of World War II and the September Campaign. After German Luftwaffe Junkers Ju 87 planes moved into Polish airspace in the early morning, they reached Wieluń by 04:40–45.Source: Wikidata (country)
  87. 1939Charge at KrojantyKrojantyThe charge at Krojanty, battle of Krojanty, the riding of Krojanty or skirmish of Krojanty was a Polish cavalry charge on the evening of 1 September 1939, the first day of the Second World War, near the Pomeranian village of Krojanty. It occurred at the start of the invasion of Poland and was part of the larger Battle of Tuchola Forest.Source: Wikidata (country)
  88. 1939Defence of the Polish Post Office in DanzigPolish Post Office in the Free City of DanzigThe Defence of the Polish Post Office in Gdańsk (Danzig) was one of the first acts of World War II in Europe, as part of the September Campaign. On 1 September 1939 the Invasion of Poland was initiated by Germany when the battleship Schleswig-Holstein opened fire on the Polish-controlled harbor of Danzig, around 04:45.Source: Wikidata (country)
  89. 1939Gleiwitz incidentGliwiceThe Gleiwitz incident, or Gliwice incident (German: Überfall auf den Sender Gleiwitz; Polish: prowokacja gliwicka), was a false flag attack on the radio station Sender Gleiwitz in Gleiwitz (then Germany and now Gliwice, Poland) staged by Nazi Germany on the night of 31 August 1939. Along with some two dozen similar incidents, the attack was manufactured by Germany as a casus belli to justify the invasion of Poland.Source: Wikidata (country)
  90. 1939 – 1940Operation TannenbergGeneral GovernmentOperation Tannenberg (German: Unternehmen Tannenberg, Polish: Operacja Tannenberg) was one of the first anti-Polish extermination actions by Nazi Germany in German-occupied Poland from September 1939 to January 1940.Source: Wikidata (country)
  91. 1939 – 1941Palmiry massacrePalmiryThe Palmiry massacre was a series of mass executions carried out by Nazi German forces, during World War II, near the village of Palmiry in the Kampinos Forest northwest of Warsaw.Source: Wikidata (country)
  92. 1939Piaśnica massacresWielka PiaśnicaThe massacres in Piaśnica were a series of mass murders carried out by Nazi Germany during World War II, between the fall of 1939 and spring of 1940 in Piaśnica Wielka (Groß Piasnitz) in the Darzlubska Wilderness near Wejherowo. The exact number of people murdered is unknown, but estimates range between 12,000 and 14,000 victims.Source: Wikidata (country)
  93. 1939Siege of WarsawWarsawThe Siege of Warsaw was fought between the Polish Warsaw Army (Polish: Armia Warszawska, Armia Warszawa) garrisoned and entrenched in Warsaw and the invading German Army.Source: Wikidata (country)
  94. 1940 – 1945Auschwitz concentration campPolandAuschwitz (German: [ˈaʊ̯ʃvɪts]), also known as Oświęcim (Polish: [ɔˈɕfjɛɲ.t͡ɕim]), was a complex of over 40 concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland (in a portion annexed into Germany in 1939) during World War II and the Holocaust.Source: Wikidata (country)
  95. 1940Aktion ABPolandAktion AB (short for German: Außerordentliche Befriedungsaktion lit. 'Extraordinary Pacification Operation', Polish: Akcja AB) was the second stage of Nazi Germany's campaign of violence in the occupied General Government (GG) of Poland. It followed the Intelligenzaktion, during Germany's invasion the preceding year, which sought to eliminate the intellectuals and the upper classes of the Second Polish Republic.Source: Wikidata (country)
  96. 1941Battle of Białystok–MinskBelarusThe Battle of Białystok–Minsk was a German strategic operation conducted by the Wehrmacht's Army Group Center under Field Marshal Fedor von Bock during the penetration of the Soviet border region in the opening stage of Operation Barbarossa, lasting from 22 June to 9 July 1941.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  97. 1943Warsaw Ghetto UprisingWarsaw GhettoThe Warsaw Ghetto Uprising was an uprising by the Jewish resistance in the Warsaw Ghetto in German-occupied Poland during World War II to oppose Nazi Germany's final effort to transport the remaining ghetto population to the gas chambers of the Majdanek and Treblinka extermination camps in 1943. It was the largest single revolt by Jews against the Nazis during World War II.Source: Wikidata (country)
  98. 1943Naliboki massacreNalibakiThe Naliboki massacre (Polish: zbrodnia w Nalibokach) was the 8 May 1943 mass killing of 127 or 128 Poles by Soviet partisans in the small town of Naliboki in German-occupied Poland (the town is now in Belarus).Source: Wikidata (country)
  99. 1943Operation Harvest FestivalLublin-Majdanek concentration campOperation Harvest Festival (German: Aktion Erntefest) was the murder of up to 43,000 Jews at the Majdanek, Poniatowa and Trawniki concentration camps by the SS, the Order Police battalions, and the Ukrainian Sonderdienst on 3–4 November 1943.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  100. 1944Battle of the Dukla PassDukla PassThe Battle of the Dukla Pass, also known as the Dukla, Carpatho–Dukla, Rzeszów–Dukla, or Dukla–Prešov offensive, was the battle for control over the Dukla Pass on the border between Poland and Slovakia on the Eastern Front of World War II between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in September–October 1944.Source: Wikidata (country)
  101. 1944Lublin–Brest offensiveKresyThe Lublin–Brest Offensive (Russian: Люблин‐Брестская наступательная операция, romanized: Lyublin-Brestskaya nastupatel'naya operatsiya, 18 July – 2 August 1944) was a part of the Operation Bagration strategic offensive by the Soviet Red Army to clear the Nazi German forces from the regions of Eastern Poland and Western Belarus.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  102. 1945East Prussian offensiveEast PrussiaThe East Prussian offensive was a strategic offensive by the Soviet Red Army against the German Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front of World War II. It lasted from 13 January to 25 April 1945, though some German units did not surrender until the country did on 9 May. The Battle of Königsberg was a major part of the offensive, which ended in victory for the Red Army.Source: Wikidata (country)
  103. 1945Liberation of Auschwitz concentration campAuschwitzOn 27 January 1945, Auschwitz—a Nazi concentration camp and extermination camp in occupied Poland where more than a million people were murdered as part of the Nazis' "Final Solution" to the Jewish question—was liberated by the Soviet Red Army during the Vistula–Oder Offensive. Although most of the prisoners had been forced onto a death march, about 7,000 had been left behind.Source: Wikidata (country)
  104. 1945Lower Silesian offensiveLower SilesiaThe Lower Silesian offensive (Russian: Нижне-Силезская наступательная операция) was a Soviet offensive on the Eastern Front of World War II in 1945, involving forces of the 1st Ukrainian Front under Marshal Ivan Konev. It cleared German troops from much of Lower Silesia and besieged a large German force in the provincial capital, Breslau.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  105. 1945Operation SolsticeStargardOperation Solstice (German: Unternehmen Sonnenwende), also known as Unternehmen Husarenritt or the Stargard tank battle, was one of the last German armoured offensive operations on the Eastern Front in World War II.Source: Wikidata (country)
  106. 1945Siege of BreslauWrocławThe siege of Breslau, also known as the battle of Breslau, was a three-month-long siege of the city of Breslau in Lower Silesia, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland), lasting to the end of World War II in Europe. From 13 February 1945 to 6 May 1945, German troops in Breslau were besieged by the Soviet forces which encircled the city as part of the Lower Silesian Offensive Operation.Source: Wikidata (country)
  107. 1945Silesian offensivesPolandThe Silesian offensives (Russian: Силезские наступления) were two separate offensives conducted in Silesia in February and March 1945 by the Soviet Red Army against the German Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front in World War II, to protect the flanks of the Red Army during its push to Berlin to prevent a Wehrmacht counterattack. It delayed the final push toward Berlin by 2 months.Source: Wikidata (country)
  108. 1945Vistula–Oder offensivePolandThe Vistula–Oder offensive (Russian: Висло-Одерская операция, romanized: Vislo–Oderskaya operatsiya) was a Red Army operation on the Eastern Front in the European theatre of World War II in January 1945. The army made a major advance into German-held territory, capturing Kraków, Warsaw, and Poznań.Source: Wikidata (country)
  109. 1947Operation VistulaBieszczady MountainsOperation Vistula (Polish: Akcja Wisła; Ukrainian: Опера́ція «Ві́сла», romanized: Operatsiya "Visla") was the codename for the 1947 ethnic cleansing, deportation and forced resettlement of close to 150,000 Ukrainians, Rusyns, Boykos, and Lemkos from the southeastern provinces of postwar Poland to the Recovered Territories in the north and west of the country.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  110. 1950Treaty of ZgorzelecZgorzelecThe Treaty of Zgorzelec, officially the The Agreement Concerning the Demarcation of the Established and the Existing Polish-German State Frontier, also known as the Treaty of Görlitz and Treaty of Zgorzelic between the Republic of Poland and East Germany (GDR) was signed on 6 July 1950 in Zgorzelec, Poland.Source: Wikidata (country)
  111. 19561956 Poznań protestsPoznańThe first of several massive protests against the communist government of the Polish People's Republic took place in Poznań from 28 to 30 June 1956. Demonstrations by workers demanding better working conditions began at Poznań's Cegielski Factories and were met with violent repression.Source: Wikidata (country)
  112. 1970Treaty of MoscowMoscowThe Treaty of Moscow was signed on 12 August 1970 between the Soviet Union and West Germany. It was signed by Willy Brandt and Walter Scheel for West Germany's side and by Alexei Kosygin and Andrei Gromyko for the Soviet Union.Source: Wikidata (country)
  113. 1970Treaty of WarsawPresidential PalaceThe Treaty of Warsaw (German: Warschauer Vertrag, Polish: Traktat warszawski) was a treaty between the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and the Polish People’s Republic. It was signed by Chancellor Willy Brandt and Prime Minister Józef Cyrankiewicz at the Presidential Palace on 7 December 1970, and it was ratified by the West German Bundestag on 17 May 1972.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  114. 1989Polish Round Table AgreementPolish People's RepublicThe Polish Round Table Talks took place in Warsaw, communist Poland, from 6 February to 5 April 1989. The government initiated talks with the banned trade union Solidarity and other opposition groups to defuse growing social unrest.Source: Wikidata (country)
  115. 1991Belovezha AccordsBiałowieża ForestThe Agreement on the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (officially), or unofficially the Minsk Agreement and best known as the Belovezha Accords, is the agreement declaring that the Soviet Union (USSR) had effectively ceased to exist and establishing the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in its place as an organization created by the same Union Republics.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  116. 20022002 European floodsGermanyIn August 2002, a week of intense rainfall produced flooding across a large portion of Europe. It reached the Ukraine, Italy, Spain, Austria, Germany, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic and Russia. The event killed 232 people and left €27.7 billion (US$27.115 billion) in damage. The flood was of a magnitude expected to occur roughly once a century. Flood heights unknown since St.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  117. 2016All-Poland Women's StrikePolandThe All-Poland Women's Strike or Polish Women's Strike (Polish: Ogólnopolski Strajk Kobiet, OSK) is a women's rights social movement in Poland, established in September 2016. It was set up in protest against the rejection by the Sejm of the Polish Parliament of the bill "Save Women", which was considered by the Sejm in parallel to the project "Stop Abortion".Source: Wikidata (country)
  118. 2019Assassination of Paweł AdamowiczTarg WęglowyPaweł Adamowicz, the mayor of Gdańsk, Poland, was fatally stabbed on 13 January 2019 while onstage during a local public event marking the 27th finale of the Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity, a nationwide Polish charity fundraiser, which was taking place in the city's Targ Węglowy square.Source: Wikidata (country)
  119. 2020COVID-19 pandemicWorldwideA new coronavirus spreads worldwide. Lockdowns, remote work and fast-developed vaccines reshape daily life.Source: Wikidata (country)
  120. 20222022 Oder environmental disasterOderDuring the summer of 2022, a mass mortality event involving fish, beavers, clams, crayfish and other wildlife occurred in the Oder river.Source: Wikidata (country)