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العربية
Topic timeline · 1206 – 1368

Mongol Empire

13 events

The largest land empire in history, stretching from Korea to Eastern Europe.

Showing 186 years

Key people

Everything that happened

  1. c. 1200 – 1400House of ÖgedeiAsiaThe House of Ögedei, sometimes called the Ögedeids, was an influential Mongol family and a cadet branch of the Borjigin clan from the 12th to 14th centuries: having been descended from Ögedei Khan (1186-1241) who was the third son and successor of Genghis Khan (1162-1227) that continued the expansion of the Mongol Empire far beyond the East Asian homeland of the Mongols.
  2. 1206Genghis Khan unites the MongolsMongoliaTemüjin is proclaimed Genghis Khan. His armies go on to build the largest land empire in history.
  3. 1219 – 1221Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian EmpireCentral AsiaBetween 1219 and 1221, the Mongol forces under Genghis Khan invaded the lands of the Khwarazmian Empire in Central Asia. The campaign, which followed the annexation of the Qara Khitai Khanate, saw widespread devastation and atrocities. The invasion marked the completion of the Mongol conquest of Central Asia, and began the Mongol conquest of Persia.
  4. 1225 – 1687Chagatai KhanateMongol EmpireThe Chagatai Khanate, also known as the Chagatai Ulus, was a Mongol khanate that comprised the lands ruled by Chagatai Khan, second son of Genghis Khan, and his descendants and successors. Over time, its Mongol ruling groups underwent a gradual and uneven process of linguistic and cultural Turkification and Islamization, though Mongolian political and administrative traditions remained important.
  5. 1241Battle of LegnicaLegnickie PoleThe Battle of Legnica (Polish: bitwa pod Legnicą), also known as the Battle of Liegnitz (German: Schlacht von Liegnitz) or Battle of Wahlstatt (German: Schlacht bei Wahlstatt), was fought between the Mongol Empire and combined European forces at the village of Legnickie Pole (Wahlstatt), approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) southeast of the city of Legnica in the Duchy of Silesia on 9 April 1241.
  6. 1243 – 1502Golden HordeGolden HordeThe Golden Horde, or Ulus of Jochi, self-designated as Ulug Ulus (lit. 'Great State' in Turkic), was originally a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century, originating from the northwestern part of the Mongol Empire. After the division of the empire in 1259, it became a functionally independent khanate.
  7. 1256 – 1335IlkhanateMongol EmpireThe Ilkhanate or Il-khanate was a Mongol khanate founded in the southwestern territories of the Mongol Empire. It was ruled by the Il-Khans or Ilkhanids (Persian: ایلخانان, romanized: Īlkhānān), and was known to the Mongols as Hülegü Ulus (lit. 'people / state of Hülegü'). The Ilkhanid realm was officially known as the Land of Iran (Irānzamin) or simply Iran.
  8. 1258Mongols sack BaghdadIraqHulagu Khan’s army captures Baghdad and kills the caliph al-Musta’sim, ending the Abbasid golden age in the city.
  9. 1260Battle of Ain JalutWell of HarodThe Battle of Ain Jalut (Arabic: معركة عين جالوت, romanized: Ma'rakat 'Ayn Jālūt), also spelled Ayn Jalut, was fought between the Bahri Mamluks of Egypt and the Ilkhanate on 3 September 1260 near the spring of Ain Jalut in southeastern Galilee in the Jezreel Valley. It marks the first major halt to Mongolian advances and paused their expansion into Arabia and Europe.
  10. 1271 – 1368Yuan dynastyAsiaThe Yuan dynasty, officially the Great Yuan, was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after its division. It was established by Kublai (Emperor Shizu or Setsen Khan), the fifth khagan-emperor of the Mongol Empire from the Borjigin clan, and lasted from 1271 to 1368 CE. In Chinese history, the Yuan dynasty followed the Song dynasty and preceded the Ming dynasty.
  11. 1274Mongol invasions of JapanNorthern KyushuMajor military efforts were taken by Kublai Khan of the Yuan dynasty in 1274 and 1281 to conquer the Japanese archipelago after the submission of the Korean kingdom of Goryeo to vassaldom. Ultimately a failure, the invasion attempts are of macro-historical importance because they set a limit on Mongol expansion and rank as nation-defining events in the history of Japan.
  12. 1382Siege of MoscowMoscowThe siege of Moscow in 1382 was a battle between the Principality of Moscow and Tokhtamysh, khan of the Golden Horde.
  13. 1480Great Stand on the Ugra RiverUgraThe Great Stand on the Ugra River (Russian: Великое стояние на Угре) or the Standing on the Ugra River, also known as the Battle of the Ugra, was a standoff in 1480 on the banks of the Ugra River between the forces of Akhmat Khan of the Great Horde, and Grand Prince Ivan III of the Grand Duchy of Moscow.