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Finland

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Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, opposite Estonia. Its capital and largest city is Helsinki. Finland has a population of 5.7 million. The official languages are Finnish and Swedish, the mother tongues of 83.5 percent and 5.0 percent of the population, respectively. Finland's climate varies from humid continental in the south to boreal in the north.

Text from the Wikipedia article Finland, CC BY-SA 4.0

Built from Wikidata: an event or person is listed when Wikidata links them to this page, as shown next to each one. Many aren’t recorded there, so this list is incomplete.

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  1. 1554 – 1557Russo-Swedish WarKareliaThe Russo-Swedish War of 1554–1557, considered a prelude to the Livonian War of 1558–1583, arose out of border skirmishes. It ended when the parties agreed on a truce in the Treaty of Novgorod (1557). The war ended inconclusively.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  2. 1596 – 1597Cudgel WarFinlandThe Cudgel War (also known as the Club War; Finnish: Nuijasota; Swedish: Klubbekriget) was a 1596–1597 peasant uprising in Finland, which was then part of the Kingdom of Sweden. The name of the uprising derives from the fact that the peasants armed themselves with various blunt weapons, such as cudgels, flails, and maces, since they were seen as the most efficient weapons against their heavily armoured enemies.Source: Wikidata (country)
  3. 1714Battle of GangutHanko PeninsulaThe Battle of Gangut (Russian: Гангутское сражение; Finnish: Riilahden taistelu; Finland Swedish: Slaget vid Rilax; Swedish: Sjöslaget vid Hangö udd) took place on 27 JulyJul./ 7 August 1714Greg. during the Great Northern War (1700–1721), in the waters of Riilahti Bay, north of the Hanko Peninsula, near the site of the modern-day city of Hanko (Hangö), Finland, between the Swedish Navy and Imperial Russian Navy.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  4. 1714Battle of NapueIsokyröThe Battle of Napue, the Battle of Isokyrö (Storkyro), or the Battle of Lappola was fought on 2 March [O.S. 19 February] 1714 at the villages of Napue and Laurola, located in the Isokyrö parish of the Swedish Empire (modern-day Finland). The battle took place between the Swedish Empire and the Tsardom of Russia and was the final land battle of the Finnish campaign in the Great Northern War.Source: Wikidata (country)
  5. 1720Battle of GrengamFöglöThe Battle of Grengam (Russian: Гренгамское морское сражение, Swedish: Slaget vid Ledsund or Slaget vid Föglöfjärden, Finnish: Flisön taistelu) of 1720 was the last major naval battle of the Great Northern War. It took place in Åland, in the Ledsund strait between the island communities of Föglö and Lemland.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  6. 1741 – 1743Russo-Swedish WarFinlandThe Russo-Swedish War of 1741–1743 (also known as The War of the Hats or The Hats' war) was instigated by the Hats, a Swedish political party that aspired to regain the territories lost to Russia during the Great Northern War, and by French diplomacy, which sought to divert Russia's attention from supporting its long-standing ally the Habsburg monarchy in the War of the Austrian Succession.Source: Wikidata (country)
  7. 1807 – 1812Anglo-Russian WarFinlandThe Anglo-Russian War (2 September 1807 – 18 July 1812) was fought between the United Kingdom and the Russian Empire during the Napoleonic Wars. It began after Russia signed the Treaty of Tilsit with the First French Empire, which ended hostilities between the two nations. During the war, actual military engagements were limited primarily to minor naval actions in the Baltic Sea and Barents Sea.Source: Wikidata (country)
  8. 1808 – 1809Finnish WarFinlandThe Finnish War was fought between the Kingdom of Sweden and the Russian Empire from 21 February 1808 to 17 September 1809 as part of the Napoleonic Wars. As a result of the war, the eastern third of Sweden was established as the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland within the Russian Empire.Source: Wikidata (country)
  9. 1915Battle of GotlandÅlandThe Battle of Gotland, which occurred in July 1915, was a naval battle of World War I between the German Empire and the Russian Empire, assisted by a submarine of the British Baltic Flotilla. It took place in the Baltic Sea off the shores of Gotland, Sweden, a country neutral in World War I.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  10. 1918Finnish Civil WarFinlandThe Finnish Civil War was fought in 1918 for the leadership and control of recently independent Finland (formerly part of Russia) between White Finland and the Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic (Red Finland). The clashes took place in the context of the national, political, and social turmoil caused by World War I (Eastern Front) in Europe.Source: Wikidata (country)
  11. 1918Battle of TampereTampereThe Battle of Tampere was a 1918 Finnish Civil War battle, fought in Tampere, Finland from 15 March to 6 April between the Whites and the Reds. It is the most famous and deadly of all the Finnish Civil War battles. Its bloody aftermath saw the Whites execute hundreds of captured Reds with another 11,000 prisoners sent to the Kalevankangas camp.Source: Wikidata (country)
  12. 1918Invasion of ÅlandÅlandThe Invasion of Åland was a 1918 military campaign of World War I in Åland, Finland. The islands, still hosting Soviet Russian troops, were first invaded by Sweden in late February and then by the German Empire in early March. The conflict was also related to the Finnish Civil War including minor fighting between the Finnish Whites and the Finnish Reds.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  13. 1921Åland conventionFinlandÅland is demilitarised, meaning that no military forces may be stationed on the islands and that they may not be fortified. Åland is also neutralised, and must therefore be kept outside armed conflict in the event of war. The demilitarisation of Åland is based on multiple international treaties as well as on customary international law.Source: Wikidata (country)
  14. 1921 – 1922East Karelian uprisingRussian Socialist Federative Soviet RepublicThe East Karelian Uprising (Finnish: itäkarjalaisten kansannousu, Karelian: päivännouzu karjalan kanzannouzu) and the Soviet–Finnish conflict 1921–1922 were an attempt by a group of East Karelian separatists supported by Finland to gain independence from the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. They were aided by a number of Finnish volunteers, starting from 6 November 1921.Source: Wikidata (country)
  15. 1939 – 1940Winter WarFinlandThe Winter War was a war between the Soviet Union and Finland. It began with a Soviet invasion of Finland on 30 November 1939, three months after the outbreak of World War II, and ended three and a half months later with the Moscow Peace Treaty on 13 March 1940. Despite superior military strength, especially in tanks and aircraft, the Soviet Union suffered severe losses and initially made little headway.Source: Wikidata (country)
  16. 1939 – 1940Battle of SallaSallaThe Battle of Salla was fought between Finnish and Soviet troops near Salla in northern Finland during the Winter War. The Soviets had orders to advance through Salla to Kemijärvi and Sodankylä, and from there to Rovaniemi in just two weeks. From there they were to advance to Tornio and cut Finland in two. The Finnish troops managed to stop the Soviet advance just east of Kemijärvi.Source: Wikidata (country)
  17. 1939 – 1940Battle of SuomussalmiSuomussalmiThe Battle of Suomussalmi was fought between Finnish and Soviet forces in the Winter War. The action took place from 30 November 1939 to 8 January 1940. The outcome was a Finnish victory against superior forces. The battle is considered the war's clearest, most important, and most significant Finnish victory in the northern half of Finland.Source: Wikidata (country)
  18. 1939Battle of TolvajärviTolvajärviThe Battle of Tolvajärvi ([ˈtol.ʋɑˌjær.ʋi]; Finnish: Tolvajärven–Ägläjärven taistelu, Russian: Битва при Толваярви) began on 12 December 1939 and continued for about a week and a half, between Finland and the Soviet Union. It was the first large offensive victory for the Finns in the Winter War.Source: Wikidata (country)
  19. 1940Battle of Raate RoadRaatteentieThe Battle of Raate Road (Finnish: Raatteen tien taistelu) was fought during the Winter War between the Soviet Union and Finland in January 1940, as a part of the Battle of Suomussalmi.Source: Wikidata (country)
  20. 1941 – 1944Continuation WarFinlandThe Continuation War, also known as the Second Soviet–Finnish War, was a conflict fought by Finland and Nazi Germany against the Soviet Union during World War II. It began with a Finnish declaration of war on 25 June 1941 and ended on 19 September 1944 with the Moscow Armistice.Source: Wikidata (country)
  21. 1944 – 1945Lapland WarLaplandDuring World War II, the Lapland War (Finnish: Lapin sota; Swedish: Lapplandskriget; German: Lapplandkrieg) saw fighting between Finland and Nazi Germany – effectively from September to November 1944 – in Finland's northernmost region, Lapland.Source: Wikidata (country)
  22. 1944Battle of IlomantsiIlomantsiThe Battle of Ilomantsi (Finnish: Ilomantsin taistelu) was a part of the Svir–Petrozavodsk Offensive of the Continuation War (1941–1944). It was fought from 26 July to 13 August 1944, between Finland and the Soviet Union in an area roughly 40 kilometers wide and 30 kilometers deep, near the Finnish-Soviet border, close to the Finnish village of Ilomantsi, in North Karelia.Source: Wikidata (country)
  23. 1944Battle of Tali–IhantalaKarelian IsthmusThe Battle of Tali–Ihantala (June 25 to July 9, 1944) was part of the Finnish-Soviet Continuation War (1941–1944), which occurred during World War II. The battle was fought between Finnish forces—using war materiel provided by Germany—and Soviet forces. To date, it is the largest battle in the history of the Nordic countries.Source: Wikidata (country)
  24. 1944Petsamo–Kirkenes offensiveArcticThe Petsamo–Kirkenes offensive was a major military offensive during World War II, mounted by the Red Army against the Wehrmacht in 1944 in the Petsamo region, ceded to the Soviet Union by Finland in accordance with the Moscow Armistice, and Norway. The offensive defeated the Wehrmacht's forces in the Arctic, driving them back into Norway, and was called the "Tenth Shock" by Stalin.Source: Wikidata (country)
  25. 1975Helsinki AccordsFinlandia HallThe Helsinki Final Act, also known as Helsinki Accords or Helsinki Declaration, was the document signed at the closing meeting of the third phase of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) held in Helsinki, Finland, between 30 July and 1 August 1975, following two years of negotiations known as the Helsinki Process.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  26. 1992Treaty on Open SkiesHelsinkiThe Treaty on Open Skies establishes a program of unarmed aerial surveillance flights over the entire territory of its participants. The treaty is designed to enhance mutual understanding and confidence by giving all participants, regardless of size, a direct role in gathering information about military forces and activities of concern to them.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  27. 2007Jokela school shootingJokela High SchoolOn 7 November 2007, a mass shooting occurred at Jokela High School in the town of Jokela, Tuusula, Finland. The gunman, 18-year-old Pekka-Eric Auvinen, entered the school that morning armed with a semi-automatic pistol. He killed eight people and wounded one before shooting himself in the head; twelve others were also injured by flying glass or by spraining their ankles during the ensuing chaos.Source: Wikidata (country)
  28. 20172017 Turku attackVI DistrictOn 18 August 2017, a mass stabbing took place in Turku, Finland. Two women were killed and eight others were injured before the perpetrator, 22-year-old Abderrahman Bouanane, was detained. Boaunane, a Moroccan rejected asylum seeker, had been using the alias Abderrahman Mechkah, which was later discovered to be a false identity.Source: Wikidata (country)
  29. 2020COVID-19 pandemicWorldwideA new coronavirus spreads worldwide. Lockdowns, remote work and fast-developed vaccines reshape daily life.Source: Wikidata (country)