Topic timeline · 1095 – 1291

Crusades

8 events

The Crusades were a series of military campaigns launched by the papacy between 1095 and 1291 against Muslim rulers for the recovery and defence of the Holy Land, as part of a wider crusading movement. The First Crusade was proclaimed by Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont in November 1095—a call to arms for Christians to reconquer Jerusalem from the Muslims, with promises of spiritual reward.

Text from the Wikipedia article Crusades, CC BY-SA 4.0

This topic is contested. Event names and summaries follow Wikipedia, and each event links to its source article.

Showing 225 years

Key people

Saladin1138 – 1193Sultan of Egypt and founder of the Ayyubid dynasty (1137–1193)
Richard I of England1157 – 1199King of England from 1189 to 1199 (1157–1199)
Urban II1035 – 109911th century pope and initiator of the Crusades
Baibars1223 – 12774th Sultan of Egypt from 1260 to 1277

Everything that happened

1095Council of ClermontFranceThe Council of Clermont was a mixed synod of ecclesiastics and laymen of the Catholic Church, called by Pope Urban II and held from 17 to 27 November 1095 at Clermont, Auvergne, at the time part of the Duchy of Aquitaine.
1096 – 1099First CrusadeLevantThe First Crusade (1096–1099) was the first of a series of religious wars, or Crusades, which were initiated, supported and at times directed by the Latin Church in the Middle Ages. Their aim was to return the Holy Land to Christian rule after its conquest by the Rashidun Caliphate in the 7th century.
1099Siege of JerusalemJerusalemThe siege of Jerusalem from 7 June 1099 to 15 July 1099 marked the successful end of the First Crusade, and the founding of the Kingdom of Jerusalem soon afterwards. The siege was carried out by the Christian forces of Western Europe mobilized by Pope Urban II after the Council of Clermont in 1095.
1147 – 1149Second CrusadeIberian PeninsulaThe Second Crusade (1147–1149) was the second major crusade launched from Europe. The Second Crusade was started in response to the fall of the County of Edessa in 1144 to the Seljuk forces of Zengi. The county had been founded during the First Crusade (1096–1099) by Baldwin in 1098. While it was the first Crusader state to be founded, it was also the first to fall.
1187Battle of HattinHorns of HattinThe Battle of Hattin took place on 4 July 1187, between the Crusader states of the Levant and the forces of the Ayyubid Sultanate of Egypt, led by Sultan Saladin. It is also known as the Battle of the Horns of Hattin, due to the shape of the nearby extinct volcano of that name.
1187Siege of JerusalemJerusalemThe siege of Jerusalem lasted from 20 September to 2 October 1187, when Balian of Ibelin surrendered the city to the forces of the Ayyubid Sultanate under sultan Saladin. Earlier that summer, Egyptian forces under Saladin had defeated the kingdom's army and conquered several cities. Balian was charged with organizing a defense. The city was full of refugees but had few soldiers.
1189 – 1192Third CrusadeNear EastThe Third Crusade (1189–1192) was an attempt led by King Philip II of France, King Richard I of England, and Emperor Frederick Barbarossa to reconquer the Holy Land following the capture of Jerusalem by the Ayyubid sultan Saladin in 1187. For this reason, the Third Crusade is also known as the Kings' Crusade.
1202 – 1204Fourth CrusadeBalkansThe Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) was a Latin Christian armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III. The stated intent of the expedition was to recapture the Muslim-controlled city of Jerusalem, by first defeating the powerful Egyptian Ayyubid Sultanate.