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Topic timeline · c. 753 BCE – 476 CE

Ancient Rome

47 events

From a small city on the Tiber to an empire around the whole Mediterranean, ending with the fall of the West in 476.

Showing 1,413 years

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Showing the 24 best-known of 196 people.

Everything that happened

  1. 753 BCE – 509 BCERoman KingdomLatiumThe Roman Kingdom, also known as the Roman monarchy and the regal period of ancient Rome, was the earliest period of Roman history, when the city and its territory were ruled by kings.
  2. 752 BCE – 476 CELimesByzantine EmpireLimes (Latin; sing., pl.: limites) is a term used primarily for the Germanic border defence or delimiting system of ancient Rome marking the borders of the Roman Empire. The term has been extended in modern times to refer to the frontier defences in other parts of the empire, such as in the east and in Africa.
  3. 539 BCEFall of BabylonBabylonThe fall of Babylon occurred in 539 BCE, when the Achaemenid Empire conquered the Neo-Babylonian Empire. The success of the Persian campaign, led by Cyrus the Great, brought an end to the reign of the last native dynasty of Mesopotamia and gave the Persians control over the rest of the Fertile Crescent.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  4. 509 BCE – 27 BCERoman RepublicEuropeThe Roman Republic (Latin: Res publica Romana, pronounced [ˈreːs ˈpuːblɪka roːˈmaːna]) was the era of classical Roman civilisation beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire following the War of Actium.
  5. 509 BCERoman Republic foundedRomeRomans expel their last king and set up a republic run by elected officials and a Senate.
  6. 341 BCE – 338 BCELatin WarLatium VetusThe (Second) Latin War of 340–338 BC was a conflict between the Roman Republic and its neighbors, the Latin peoples of ancient Italy. It ended in the dissolution of the Latin League and incorporation of its territory into the Roman sphere of influence, with the Latins gaining partial rights and varying levels of citizenship.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  7. 323 BCEPartition of BabylonBabylonThe Partition of Babylon was the first of the conferences and ensuing agreements that divided the territories of Alexander the Great. It was held at Babylon in June 323 BC.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  8. 311 BCE – 309 BCEBabylonian WarBabylonThe Babylonian War was a conflict fought between 311–309 BC between Antigonus I Monophthalmus and Seleucus I Nicator, ending in a victory for Seleucus. This conflict ended any possibility of restoration of the former empire of Alexander the Great, a result confirmed in the Battle of Ipsus.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  9. 264 BCE – 146 BCEPunic WarsRoman RepublicThe Punic Wars were a series of wars fought between the Roman Republic and the Carthaginian Empire during the period 264 to 146 BC. Three such wars took place, involving a total of forty-three years of warfare on both land and sea across the western Mediterranean region, and a four-year-long revolt against Carthage.
  10. 241 BCERoman provinceAncient RomeThe Roman provinces (Latin: provincia, pl. provinciae) were the administrative regions of Ancient Rome outside Roman Italy that were controlled by the Romans under the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire. Each province was ruled by a Roman appointed as governor.
  11. 218 BCE – 201 BCESecond Punic WarMediterranean SeaThe Second Punic War (218 to 201 BC) was the second in a series of three wars fought between Carthage and the Roman Republic, who were at the time the two main powers in the western Mediterranean. The protracted war was fought across the region, incurring immense materiel and human losses on both sides.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  12. 216 BCEBattle of CannaeCannaeThe Battle of Cannae (Latin: [ˈkanːae̯]) was a key engagement of the Second Punic War between the Roman Republic and Carthage, fought on 2 August 216 BC near the ancient village of Cannae in Apulia, southeast Italy. The Carthaginians and their allies, led by Hannibal, surrounded and practically annihilated a larger Roman and Italian army under the consuls Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Terentius Varro.
  13. 181 BCE – 179 BCEFirst Celtiberian WarHispaniaThe First Celtiberian War (181–179 BC) was the first of three major rebellions by the Celtiberians against the Roman presence in Hispania. The other two were the Second Celtiberian War (154–151 BC) and the Numantine War (143–133 BC). Hispania was the name the Romans gave to the Iberian Peninsula. The peninsula was inhabited by various ethnic groups and numerous tribes.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  14. 150 BCE – 148 BCEFourth Macedonian WarMacedoniaThe Fourth Macedonian War (150–148 BC) was fought between Macedon, led by the pretender Andriscus, and the Roman Republic. It was the last of the Macedonian Wars, and was the last war to seriously threaten Roman control of Greece until the First Mithridatic War sixty years later.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  15. c. 123 BCE – 314 CEGallia NarbonensisAncient RomeGallia Narbonensis (Latin for 'Gaul of Narbonne', from its chief settlement) was a Roman province located in what today are Occitania and Provence, in Southern France. It was also known as Provincia Nostra ('Our Province'), because it was the first Roman province north of the Alps, and as Gallia Transalpina ('Transalpine Gaul'), distinguishing it from Cisalpine Gaul in Northern Italy.
  16. 102 BCEBattle of Aquae SextiaeAquae SextiaeThe Battle of Aquae Sextiae (Aix-en-Provence) took place in 102 BC. After a series of Roman defeats at the Battle of Noreia, the Battle of Burdigala, and most notably at the Battle of Arausio, the Romans under Gaius Marius finally defeated the Teutons and Ambrones as they attempted to advance through the Alps into Italy. Local lore associates the name of the mountain, Mont St.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  17. 67 BCE – 297 CECrete and CyrenaicaAncient RomeCrete and Cyrenaica (Latin: Creta et Cyrenaica, Koine Greek: Κρήτη καὶ Κυρηναϊκή, romanized: Krḗtē kaì Kyrēnaïkḗ) was a senatorial province of the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire, established in 67 BC, which included the island of Crete and the region of Cyrenaica in modern-day Libya. These areas were settled by Greek colonists from the eighth to sixth centuries BC.
  18. 45 BCEBattle of MundaMundaThe Battle of Munda (17 March 45 BC), in southern Hispania Ulterior, was the final battle of Caesar's civil war against the leaders of the Optimates. With the military victory at Munda and the deaths of Titus Labienus and Gnaeus Pompeius (eldest son of Pompey), Caesar was politically able to return in triumph to Rome, and then govern as the elected Roman dictator.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  19. 44 BCEJulius Caesar assassinatedRomeSenators stab Caesar on the Ides of March. The civil wars that follow end the Republic and bring Augustus to power as the first emperor.Source: Wikidata (country)
  20. 30 BCEDeath of CleopatraAlexandria, EgyptCleopatra VII, the last ruler of Ptolemaic Egypt, dies after her defeat by Octavian. Egypt becomes a Roman province.
  21. 27 BCE – 395 CERoman EmpireEuropeThe Roman Empire was a state that dominated the Mediterranean and much of Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa during the classical period. The Roman Republic had previously conquered most of these territories, which later came under permanent single-person rule following Octavian's rise to power and the establishment of the Augustan Principate in 27 BC.
  22. c. 22 BCE – 500 CEGallia BelgicaAncient RomeGallia Belgica ("Belgic Gaul") was a province of the Roman Empire located in the north-eastern part of Roman Gaul, in what is today primarily northern France, Belgium, and Luxembourg, along with parts of the Netherlands and Germany.
  23. 14 BCE – 409 CEHispania BaeticaAncient RomeHispania Baetica, often abbreviated Baetica, was one of three Roman provinces created in Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula) in 27 BC. Baetica was bordered to the west by Lusitania, and to the northeast by Tarraconensis. Baetica remained one of the basic divisions of Hispania under the Visigoths. Its territory approximately corresponds to modern Andalusia.
  24. 6 CE – 9 CEBellum BatonianumIllyricumThe Bellum Batonianum (Latin for War of the Batos) or Great Illyrian Revolt was a military conflict fought in the Roman province of Illyricum in the 1st century AD, in which an alliance of native peoples of the two regions of Illyricum, Dalmatia and Pannonia, revolted against the Romans.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  25. 9 CELimes GermanicusGermanyThe Limes Germanicus (Latin for Germanic frontier), or 'Germanic Limes', is the name given in modern times to a line of frontier (limes) fortifications that bounded the ancient Roman provinces of Germania Inferior, Germania Superior and Raetia, separating the Roman Empire and the unsubdued Germanic tribes from about 83 AD to 260 AD.
  26. 43 CE – 409 CERoman BritainAncient RomeRoman Britain was the territory that became the Roman province of Britannia after the Roman conquest of Britain, consisting of a large part of the island of Great Britain. The occupation lasted from 43 AD to 410 AD.
  27. 62 CEAD 62 Pompeii earthquakeAncient RomeOn 5 February AD 62, an earthquake of an estimated magnitude of between 5 and 6 and a maximum intensity of IX or X on the Mercalli scale struck the towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum, severely damaging them. The earthquake may have been a precursor to the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79, which destroyed the same two towns.Source: Wikidata (country)
  28. 79 CEEruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 ADMount VesuviusIn 79 AD, Mount Vesuvius, a stratovolcano located in the modern-day region of Campania, Italy, erupted, causing one of the deadliest eruptions in history. Vesuvius violently ejected a cloud of super-heated tephra and gases to a height of 33 km (21 mi), ejecting molten rock, pulverized pumice and hot ash at 1.5 million tons per second, ultimately releasing 100,000 times the thermal energy of the atomic bombings of…
  29. 83 CE – 297 CEGermania SuperiorAncient RomeGermania Superior ("Upper Germania") was an imperial province of the Roman Empire. It comprised an area of today's western Switzerland, the French Jura and Alsace regions, and southwestern Germany. Important cities were Besançon (Vesontio), Strasbourg (Argentoratum), Wiesbaden (Aquae Mattiacae), and Germania Superior's capital, Mainz (Mogontiacum).
  30. c. 190 CELimes ArabicusSyriaThe Limes Arabicus was a desert frontier of the Roman Empire, running north from its start in the province of Arabia Petraea. It ran northeast from the Gulf of Aqaba for about 1,500 kilometers (930 mi) at its greatest extent, reaching northern Syria and forming part of the wider Roman limes system. It had several forts and watchtowers.
  31. 259 CEBattle of MediolanumMediolanumThe Battle of Mediolanum took place in 259, between the Alemanni and the Roman legions under the command of Emperor Gallienus.Source: Wikidata (country)
  32. 303 CE – 313 CEDiocletianic PersecutionAncient RomeThe Diocletianic or Great Persecution was the last and most severe persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire. In 303, the emperors Diocletian, Maximian, Galerius, and Constantius issued a series of edicts rescinding Christians' legal rights and demanding that they comply with traditional religious practices.Source: Wikidata (country)
  33. 313 CEEdict of MilanAncient RomeThe Edict of Milan (Latin: Edictum Mediolanense; Greek: Διάταγμα τῶν Μεδιολάνων, Diatagma tōn Mediolanōn) was the 13 February 313 AD agreement to treat Christians benevolently within the Roman Empire.
  34. 324 CEBattle of AdrianopleEdirneThe Battle of Adrianople was fought in Thrace on July 3, 324, during a Roman civil war, the second to be waged between the two emperors Constantine I and Licinius. Licinius was soundly defeated and his army suffered heavy casualties. Constantine built up military momentum, winning further battles on land and sea, eventually leading to the final defeat of Licinius at Chrysopolis.Source: Wikidata (country)
  35. 378 CEBattle of AdrianopleEdirneThe Battle of Adrianople, also known as Battle of Hadrianopolis, was fought between the Eastern Roman army led by the Roman emperor Valens and Gothic rebels (largely Thervings as well as Greutungs, non-Gothic Alans, and various local rebels), led by Fritigern. The battle took place on 9 August 378 in the vicinity of Adrianople, in the Roman province of Thracia (modern Edirne in European Turkey).Source: Wikidata (country)
  36. 394 CEBattle of the FrigidusVipava ValleyThe Battle of the Frigidus, also called the Battle of the Frigid River, was fought on 5 and 6 September 394 between the armies of the Roman emperor Theodosius the Great and the rebel augustus Eugenius (r. 392–394), in the eastern border of Roman Italy. Theodosius won the battle and defeated the usurpation of Eugenius and Arbogast, restoring unity to the Roman Empire.Source: Wikidata (country)
  37. 395 CE – 1453Byzantine EmpireRoman EmpireThe Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Eastern part of the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Having survived the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, it endured until the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453.
  38. 395 CE – 476 CEWestern Roman EmpireRoman EmpireIn modern historiography, the Western Roman Empire was the Roman Empire's western provinces collectively during any period in which they were administered separately from the eastern provinces by a separate, independent imperial court.
  39. 410 CESack of RomeRomeThe sack of Rome on 24 August 410 AD was undertaken by the Visigoths led by their king, Alaric. At that time, Rome was no longer the administrative capital of the Western Roman Empire, having been replaced first by Mediolanum (now Milan) in 286 and then by Ravenna in 402. Nevertheless, the city of Rome retained a paramount position as "the eternal city" and a spiritual center of the Empire.
  40. 454 CEBattle of NedaoPannoniaThe Battle of Nedao was fought in Pannonia in 454 between the Huns and their former vassals or allies. The Nedao is believed to be a tributary of the Sava.Source: Wikidata (country)
  41. 476 CEFall of Western RomeItalyThe Germanic leader Odoacer removes Romulus Augustulus, the last western emperor. The eastern half continues as the Byzantine Empire for almost 1,000 more years.
  42. 602 CE – 628 CEByzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628MesopotamiaThe Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628, also called the Last Great War of Antiquity, was fought between the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire. It was the final and most devastating conflict of the Roman–Persian wars (54 BC – AD 628). The previous war between the two powers had ended in 591 after the emperor Maurice helped the Sasanian king Khosrow II regain his throne.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  43. 634 CEBattle of the BridgeKufaThe Battle of the Bridge or the Battle of al-Jisr (Arabic: معركة الجسر) was fought at the bank of the Euphrates between Arab Muslims, led by Abu Ubayd al-Thaqafi, and the Persian Sasanians, led by Bahman Jaduya. It is traditionally dated to the year 634 and was the only major Sasanian victory over the invading Rashidun Caliphate army.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  44. 635 CE – 636 CESiege of EmesaEmesaThe siege of Emesa was laid by the forces of the Rashidun Caliphate from December 635 up until March 636. This led to the Islamic conquest of Emesa, which was a major trading city of the Byzantine Empire in the Levant.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  45. 639 CE – 642 CEArab conquest of EgyptRoman EgyptThe Arab conquest of Egypt, led by the army of Amr ibn al-As, under the Rashidun Caliphate took place between 639 and 642 AD. It ended the Roman period in Egypt which began in 30 BC and lasted for seven centuries, and more broadly, the Greco-Roman period which lasted for about a millennium.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  46. 711 CE – 726 CEMuslim conquest of the Iberian PeninsulaIberian PeninsulaThe Umayyad Caliphate conquered the Visigothic Kingdom on the Iberian Peninsula in the early 8th century. The conquest resulted in the end of Christian rule throughout most of Iberia and the establishment of Muslim rule in that territory, which came to be known as al-Andalus under the Umayyad dynasty.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)
  47. 1302Battle of BapheusBithyniaThe Battle of Bapheus occurred on 27 July 1299, between an Ottoman Turkish army under Osman I and a Byzantine army under Georgios Mouzalon. The battle ended in a crucial Ottoman victory, cementing the Ottoman state and heralding the final capture of Byzantine Bithynia by the Ottoman Turks.Source: Wikidata (country of the location)