Georges J. F. Köhler

Georges Jean Franz Köhler (German pronunciation: [ˈʒɔʁʃ ˈkøːlɐ] ; 17 April 1946 – 1 March 1995) was a German biologist and immunologist who shared the 1984 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with César Milstein and Niels Kaj Jerne "for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies". Köhler and Milstein developed the hybridoma technique, a method for producing monoclonal antibodies of predefined specificity by fusing antibody-producing B cells with immortal myeloma cells.

The technique became a foundational tool in immunology, cell biology, biotechnology, medical diagnostics and antibody-based therapeutics. Köhler later worked at the Basel Institute for Immunology and became director of the Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology in Freiburg im Breisgau, where he remained until his death in 1995.