Alan García

Alan Gabriel Ludwig García Pérez (Latin American Spanish: [ˈalaŋ‿ɡaβˈɾjel luðˈwiɣ‿ɣaɾˈsi.a ˈpeɾes]; 23 May 1949 – 17 April 2019) was a Peruvian politician who served as President of Peru for two non-consecutive terms, from 1985 to 1990 and from 2006 to 2011. He was the second leader of the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA), and its only member to serve as president. Mentored by the APRA's founder, Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre, he served in the Constituent Assembly of 1978–1979. Elected to the Peruvian Congress in 1980, he rose to the position of General Secretary of the APRA in 1982, and was elected to the presidency in 1985 in a landslide.

García's first presidential term was marked by a severe economic crisis, social unrest, corruption, and violence. At its conclusion, he was accused and investigated for corruption and illicit enrichment. In 1992, he filed for asylum following president Alberto Fujimori's self-coup, and exiled himself with his family in Colombia and France for nine years. In the aftermath of Fujimori's downfall, he made a political comeback as he ran for the presidency in 2001, but lost in the second round to Alejandro Toledo. In 2006, he was again elected president, defeating Ollanta Humala, a feat considered a political resurrection due to the failure of his first term.

Throughout García's second term, Peru experienced a steady economy, becoming Latin America's fastest-growing country in 2008, surpassing China in terms of rising GDP. This economic success was acclaimed as a triumph by world leaders, and poverty declined from 48% to 28% nationally. In addition, Peru signed free trade agreements with the United States and China during García's presidency, but accusations of corruption persisted throughout his term and beyond. He was succeeded by Humala in 2011. He withdrew from party politics after failing to advance to the second round of the 2016 general election, placing fifth in his bid for a third presidential term under the Popular Alliance coalition between his party and the Christian People's Party, which included former rival Lourdes Flores as one of his running mates. On 17 April 2019, García died from a self-inflicted gunshot to the head as police officers under a prosecutor's orders were preparing to arrest him over matters relating to the Odebrecht scandal.